怎樣區(qū)分be動(dòng)詞和實(shí)意動(dòng)詞？

關(guān)于be動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別

新人教版英語七年級(jí)上冊(cè)復(fù)習(xí)資料

到目前為止,我們主要學(xué)習(xí)了三類動(dòng)詞:be動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。下面我們分別來講一下它們得用法。

1.be動(dòng)詞屬于系動(dòng)詞,在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的句子中主要表現(xiàn)為三種形式:am is、are。后面往往接

形容詞或名詞做表語。如:

(1)I’m strong. (strong形容詞做表語)

(2)He is a boy.( a boy名詞做表語)

含有be動(dòng)詞的句子在進(jìn)行否定、疑問句變化時(shí),都要在be動(dòng)詞上變化。

(1)變?yōu)榉穸ň?主語+be+ not+其他。即,直接在be后not.

①I’m a Chinese girl.(變?yōu)榉穸ň?

②You are right. (變?yōu)榉穸ň?

③He is strict with me. (變?yōu)榉穸ň?

④She is from America. (變?yōu)榉穸ň?

以上四個(gè)句子中都含有am、is或are,變否定句時(shí),直接在am 、is、are后面加上not.

即:

①I’m not a Chinese girl.

②You are not right.

③He is not strict with me.

④She is not from America.

(2)變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧?Be+主語+其他?即把be動(dòng)詞提到主語的前面。注意:當(dāng)肯定句主語為第

一人稱I和We時(shí),變一般疑問句要變?yōu)榈诙朔Q,be動(dòng)詞也要相應(yīng)的變?yōu)閍re.同樣肯定句中的my和our 也要變?yōu)閥our.

①I am a worker. (變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧?

→Are you a worker?

②We are good friends. (變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧?

→Are you good friends?

③She is from Japan. (變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧?

→Is she from Japan?

④He is strict with me. (變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧?

→Is he strict with me?

(3)變特殊疑問句:一般的要求為“對(duì)劃線部分提問”,即用特殊疑問詞代替劃線的部分,后接省略

劃線部分的一般疑問句(一般不再出現(xiàn)劃線部分)。如:

①I’m well(not bad).(對(duì)劃線部分提問)

→How are you?

②She is from America. (對(duì)劃線部分提問)

→Where is she from?

2、關(guān)于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞:初中我們常用的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主要有:can、may、must、need。我們這里主要

以can為例來說明情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面必須接動(dòng)詞的原形。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can的用法類似于be動(dòng)詞。不論主語為第幾人稱,變否定就是在can后加not.變疑問就是把can提到句子前面,它沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。

(1)變否定句:主語+can +not+ 其他。

①I can spell my name.(變否定句)

→I can not(can’t)spell my name.

②He can dance. (變否定句)

→He can’t dance.

(2)變一般疑問句:Can + 主語+ 其他?即直接把can提到句首。

①I can spell my name.(變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧?

→Can you spell your name?

②He can sing.(變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧?

→Can he sing?

(3)變特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句?

①I can spell my name. (對(duì)劃線部分提問)

→What can you spell?

②He can play the piano. (對(duì)劃線部分提問)

→Who can play the piano?

3、實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,也叫行為動(dòng)詞。就我們現(xiàn)在所學(xué)的內(nèi)容來講,實(shí)義動(dòng)詞所在的句子中一般不存在

be動(dòng)詞。也就是在含有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的句子變否定句或疑問句時(shí),一定不能用be動(dòng)詞。那么,實(shí)義動(dòng)詞究竟怎樣用呢?正如be動(dòng)詞隨著主語的變化可變?yōu)閍m、is、are一樣,在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的句子中,實(shí)義動(dòng)詞在肯定句中,也要隨著主語的變化而變化。當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)he,she, it 時(shí),實(shí)義動(dòng)詞要變?yōu)橄鄳?yīng)的第三稱單數(shù);當(dāng)主語為非第三人稱單數(shù)I, you(你), we,you(你們) they 時(shí),實(shí)義動(dòng)詞要用動(dòng)詞的原形。而在變否定句和疑問句時(shí),不能直接在動(dòng)詞上變,而是要借助另一類動(dòng)詞:助動(dòng)詞do、does。

(1)肯定句:

①I have a blue pen.

②He has a brother.

③ She wants to be an actor.

④ They like to play football.

(2)否定句:主語+don’t/doesn’t+動(dòng)詞原形。其中do/does為助動(dòng)詞,是來幫助實(shí)義動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成

否定或疑問句的,但加了do/does后,其后面的動(dòng)詞必須用動(dòng)詞原形。

①I have a blue book.(變?yōu)榉穸ň?

→I don’t have a blue book.

②He has a brother. (變?yōu)榉穸ň?

→He doesn’t have

③She wants to be a teacher.(變?yōu)榉穸ň?

→She doesn’t want to be a teacher.

④They like to play basketball.(變?yōu)榉穸ň?

→They don’t like to play basketball.

(3)一般疑問句:Do/Does +主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其他?句中加了do/does后,其后面的動(dòng)詞還是

必須用動(dòng)詞原形。

①I have a blue backpack.(變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧?

→Do you have a blue backpack?

②He has a sister. (變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧?

→Does he have a sister?

③My brother does his homework before supper. (變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧?

→Does your brother do his homework before supper?

④She wants to be a teacher. (變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧?

→Does she want to be a teacher?

⑤They like to play basketball. (變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧?

→Do they like to play basketball?

(4)特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句?

① Your sister likes English best because it’s interesting. (對(duì)劃線部分提問)

→Why does your sister like English best?

② He does his homework before supper. (對(duì)劃線部分提問)

→When does he do his homework?

注意:當(dāng)含有and引導(dǎo)的短語在句中做謂語或賓語,我們把這類句子變否定句時(shí),必須把a(bǔ)nd變?yōu)閛r.如:

(1)He can swim and dance. (變?yōu)榉穸ň?

→He can’t swim or dance.

(2)My father likes English and math. (變?yōu)榉穸ň?

→My father doesn’t like English or math.