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mysql分區表怎么弄

錢諍諍2年前8瀏覽0評論

MySQL分區表是將單張表拆分成多個表來存儲數據,主要作用是優化大量數據的查詢和操作,減少IO并提升性能。下面我們將一步步介紹如何實現MySQL分區表。

首先,我們需要創建一張要進行分區的表:

CREATE TABLE `order` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`order_no` varchar(20) NOT NULL,
`user_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`order_time` datetime NOT NULL,
`price` decimal(10,2) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;

接著,我們需要選擇一個字段進行分區。通常選擇日期字段或者ID字段作為分區字段,這里我們選擇日期字段進行分區:

ALTER TABLE `order` PARTITION BY RANGE (UNIX_TIMESTAMP(order_time))
(
PARTITION p202201 VALUES LESS THAN (UNIX_TIMESTAMP('2022-02-01')),
PARTITION p202202 VALUES LESS THAN (UNIX_TIMESTAMP('2022-03-01')),
PARTITION p202203 VALUES LESS THAN (UNIX_TIMESTAMP('2022-04-01')),
PARTITION p202204 VALUES LESS THAN (UNIX_TIMESTAMP('2022-05-01')),
PARTITION p202205 VALUES LESS THAN (UNIX_TIMESTAMP('2022-06-01')),
PARTITION p202206 VALUES LESS THAN (UNIX_TIMESTAMP('2022-07-01')),
PARTITION p202207 VALUES LESS THAN (UNIX_TIMESTAMP('2022-08-01')),
PARTITION p202208 VALUES LESS THAN (UNIX_TIMESTAMP('2022-09-01')),
PARTITION p202209 VALUES LESS THAN (UNIX_TIMESTAMP('2022-10-01')),
PARTITION p202210 VALUES LESS THAN (UNIX_TIMESTAMP('2022-11-01')),
PARTITION p202211 VALUES LESS THAN (UNIX_TIMESTAMP('2022-12-01')),
PARTITION p202212 VALUES LESS THAN (UNIX_TIMESTAMP('2023-01-01')),
PARTITION pmax VALUES LESS THAN MAXVALUE
);

我們選擇MySQL的日期相關函數UNIX_TIMESTAMP來獲取日期的時間戳,并使用PARTITION BY RANGE進行分區,將數據按照日期范圍進行拆分存儲。

最后,我們可以通過如下SQL語句查詢分區表:

SELECT COUNT(*) FROM `order` WHERE order_time BETWEEN '2022-02-01 00:00:00' AND '2022-02-28 23:59:59';

這樣可以將查詢拆分到對應的分區,減小查詢數據量,提升查詢效率。