MySQL主從拓?fù)涫且环N實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)高可用性和負(fù)載均衡的解決方案,它通過(guò)將數(shù)據(jù)從主節(jié)點(diǎn)同步到多個(gè)從節(jié)點(diǎn),實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)的讀寫(xiě)分離和容錯(cuò)備份。
MySQL主從拓?fù)溆腥N常見(jiàn)的結(jié)構(gòu)方式:主從復(fù)制、雙主結(jié)構(gòu)和環(huán)形結(jié)構(gòu)。其中主從復(fù)制是最為廣泛應(yīng)用的結(jié)構(gòu)方式。
在主從復(fù)制結(jié)構(gòu)中,主節(jié)點(diǎn)是負(fù)責(zé)寫(xiě)操作的節(jié)點(diǎn),從節(jié)點(diǎn)是負(fù)責(zé)讀操作的節(jié)點(diǎn)。當(dāng)主節(jié)點(diǎn)寫(xiě)入數(shù)據(jù)時(shí),數(shù)據(jù)會(huì)自動(dòng)同步到從節(jié)點(diǎn),從節(jié)點(diǎn)通過(guò)讀取從節(jié)點(diǎn)副本來(lái)提供讀操作。
示例代碼: mysql>change master to ->master_host='master_host_name', ->master_user='replication_user_name', ->master_password='replication_password', ->master_log_file='recorded_log_file_name', ->master_log_pos=recorded_log_position;
雙主結(jié)構(gòu)是指存在兩個(gè)主節(jié)點(diǎn),并將它們互相設(shè)為對(duì)方的從節(jié)點(diǎn)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)方式可以實(shí)現(xiàn)高可用性和負(fù)載均衡,在其中一個(gè)主節(jié)點(diǎn)失效時(shí),另一個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)可以直接接手。
示例代碼: mysql>change master to ->master_host='master1_host_name', ->master_user='replication_user_name', ->master_password='replication_password', ->master_log_file='recorded_log_file_name', ->master_log_pos=recorded_log_position; mysql>change master to ->master_host='master2_host_name', ->master_user='replication_user_name', ->master_password='replication_password', ->master_log_file='recorded_log_file_name', ->master_log_pos=recorded_log_position;
環(huán)形結(jié)構(gòu)是指多個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)按照環(huán)形方式進(jìn)行主從復(fù)制。在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中,任意一個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)可以是主節(jié)點(diǎn),也可以是從節(jié)點(diǎn),從而實(shí)現(xiàn)多個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)之間的高可用性和負(fù)載均衡。
示例代碼: mysql>change master to ->master_host='master1_host_name', ->master_user='replication_user_name', ->master_password='replication_password', ->master_log_file='recorded_log_file_name', ->master_log_pos=recorded_log_position; mysql>change master to ->master_host='master2_host_name', ->master_user='replication_user_name', ->master_password='replication_password', ->master_log_file='recorded_log_file_name', ->master_log_pos=recorded_log_position; mysql>change master to ->master_host='master3_host_name', ->master_user='replication_user_name', ->master_password='replication_password', ->master_log_file='recorded_log_file_name', ->master_log_pos=recorded_log_position;
綜上所述,MySQL主從拓?fù)涫且环N重要的數(shù)據(jù)高可用性和負(fù)載均衡解決方案,選擇不同的結(jié)構(gòu)方式可以針對(duì)不同的應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景實(shí)現(xiàn)更好的效果。