iis6 php安裝教程，如果你想學習php教程，對于如何學編程有疑問，分享如下：

iis6 php安裝教程，如何學編程？

編程是編定程序的中文簡稱，就是讓計算機代碼解決某個問題，對某個計算體系規定一定的運算方式，使計算體系按照該計算方式運行，并最終得到相應結果的過程。編程能提高邏輯思維能力，加強計算能力。

編程語言

Python

Python是一種面向對象有著代碼簡潔、可讀性強特點的解釋型計算機程序設計語言。代碼簡潔是因為它把許多的復雜的操作封裝起來，將C語言中麻煩的指針和內存管理對開發者隱藏起來，使得在開發過程中，無須在意這部分的細節。另外Python這門語言強制用戶用縮進進行排版，若不好好排版，則代碼編譯無法通過，或者運行過程會出現錯誤。

C語言

C語言是一門面向過程的、抽象化的廣泛應用于底層開發的通用程序設計語言，能以簡易的方式編譯和處理低級存儲器。C語言既具有高級語言的特點，又具有匯編語言的特點，是僅產生少量機器語言以及不需要任何運行環境支持便能運行的高效率程序設計語言。

是有簡潔的語言、具有結構化的控制語句、豐富的數據類型、豐富的運算符、可對物理地址進行直接操作、代碼具有較好的可移植性、可生成高質量、目標代碼執行效率高的程序。

Java

Java通過面向作為靜態對象的編程語言的代表，可以充分的實現面向的對象理論的編程語言，有簡單性、功能強大、分布式、健壯性、安全性、平臺獨立與可移植性、多線程及動態性的特點。

Java支持在網絡上應用，Java既支持各種層次的網絡連接，又以Socket類支持可靠的流（stream）網絡連接，它是分布式語言。所以用戶可以產生分布式的客戶機和服務器。網絡變成軟件應用的分布運載工具。Java程序只要編寫一次，就可到處運行。

PHP

PHP是一種被廣泛應用的開放源代碼的多用途腳本語言，它可嵌入到 HTML中，尤其適合 web 開發。

使用 PHP 的最大的好處是它對于初學者來說極其簡單，同時也給專業的程序員提供了各種高級的特性，只需幾個小時就可以自己寫一些簡單的腳本。盡管 PHP 的開發是以服務端腳本為目的，但事實上其功能遠不局限于此。

GO

Go語言（又稱 Golang）是一種靜態強類型、編譯型語言，是一個開源編程環境，可以輕松構建簡單、可靠和高效的軟件。Go 語言語法與 C 相近，但功能上有：內存安全，GC（垃圾回收），結構形態及 CSP-style 并發計算。Go 內嵌了關聯數組（也稱為哈希表（Hashes）或字典（Dictionaries）），就像字符串類型一樣。

對比

python和c語言的區別主要體現在：語言類型、內存管理、速度、應用、運行、對象、聲明、測試和調試難度、復雜度、學習程度。 測試和調試難度不同：Python相對其他語言而言是非常簡單的語言，高度集成，代碼量少。Python中的測試和調試更容易；C中測試和調試更難。 學習難度不同：Python：Python程序更易于學習，編寫和閱讀；C語言：C程序語法比Python更難。

python 跟 java 一樣是強類型語言，也就是說它不會根據環境變化自動改變數據類型。python 是動態語言，而 java 是靜態語言。也就是說 python 在編程時，永遠不用給任何變量指定數據類型，而 java 寫程序時必須聲明所有變量的數據類型。

python 的模塊類似于 java 的 class，不過python模塊導入會執行 代碼的內容，而 java 不會。python 與 java 的執行方式還是蠻像的，都是將源碼編譯成 byte code 然后交給相應的虛擬機去執行。

Python的框架數量較少，而PHP中成熟的框架比較多；PHP是面向web的語言，而Python是多用途語言，也可以用于web開發；Python使用非常嚴格的縮進強制執行，使它比PHP更具可讀性。

學習思路

認識編程

編程語言（programming language）又稱程序設計語言，是一組用特定語言編寫的用于執行特定任務的指令。主要用于開發桌面應用、操作系統、網站、移動應用等。

低級編程語言

它基于二進制數 0 和 1 工作，處理器直接運行低級程序，不需要編譯器或解釋器，因此用低級語言編寫的程序可以運行得非常快。

低級語言進一步分為兩部分

機器語言

機器語言也稱為機器代碼或目標代碼，更容易閱讀，因為它通常以二進制或十六進制形式（基數 16）形式顯示。

它不需要翻譯器來轉換程序，因為計算機直接理解機器語言程序。

匯編語言

匯編語言是為特定處理器設計的，它以象征性和人類可理解的形式表示一組指令。它使用匯編程序將匯編語言轉換為機器語言。

中級編程語言

中級編程語言介于低級編程語言和高級編程語言之間。

它也被稱為中間程序語言和偽語言。

中級編程語言的優點是支持高級編程的特性，是一種用戶友好的語言，與機器語言和人類語言密切相關。

例如：C、C++

高級編程語言

高級編程語言 (HLL) 旨在開發用戶友好的軟件程序和網站。

這種編程語言需要編譯器或解釋器將程序翻譯成機器語言（執行程序）。

示例：Python、Java、JavaScript、PHP、C#、C++ 等。

編程實踐

學習編程語言的過程簡單描述為：過、抄、仿、改、調、看、練、創、悟。

過

基礎知識點不求深解，語言什么樣的，適用場合、基本語法格式

抄代碼

從書上抄、例子中抄、邊抄邊想邊想邊回憶語法

模仿改

仿照給出的代碼寫出自己的代碼

勤調試

不斷調試驗證自己想法，繼續思考，再次驗證。熟悉調試工具調試方法

看n遍

出錯或者遇到問題時，將代碼從頭到尾看n遍直到快記住，找出問題原因

練

2-5步三遍以上

創新

拿出一個沒有寫過的根據要求，一步一步寫出來，寫不出來參考6

悟

主動找到寫代碼的感覺和成就感，保持下去。

選擇大于努力，只有切入一個適合自己的開發方向，才能持續進步。關于開發方向，我有以下兩個選擇標準。

興趣

學習編程是一個非常枯燥的過程，內容多，時間長，成本高，即使報名了培訓班也學不會，所以，我們首先要選擇自己感興趣的一個開發方向，這樣不但能快速學習，以后還能持續進步。學習編程的過程是比較艱苦的，沒有興趣很難硬抗下來，此處的興趣，是指別人無法撼動的熱愛，是工作之余讓你放松的事情。如果你只是有過某種想法，別人告訴你這個想法不靠譜，你就放棄了，這頂多是一時的雞血。

學習方式

費曼學習法

在學完一個東西之后去給別人講明白，注意是講給別人聽，當你寫成文章發表在網上的時候，你自然會去用更通俗的語言，更清晰的邏輯去講述這個事物背后的邏輯。這個過程是對自己學習的一個檢驗，也是加深映像整理思路的重要過程。

那么如果你是去記筆記的話，很有可能你會傾向于去照抄，或是不完全照抄，以“提綱”或是“知識點”的形式抄在本子上。說句實話，照抄的筆記真的沒用，因為現在搜索引擎的能力已經可以讓你把大多數東西快速找到，你為什么還要照抄到筆記本上呢？

從功利的角度考慮，技術文章的寫作，別人可以直接訪問，也可以逐漸累積你的影響力，一個好的個人技術博客，會給你的簡歷加分很多，而一個厚厚的筆記本，沒有人會管你記了什么。

做好筆記

大多數人沒有過目不忘的神技，學了也不一定馬上掌握，需要過后花時間慢慢領悟，而且還有忘掉的風險，所以對于重要的知識點都要做好筆記。編程的過程中總會遇到各種各樣的問題，比如編程環境的配置，常用的快捷鍵，編程過程中的錯誤、異常，軟件更新問題等等。面對這些問題都是如何解決的，一定要記錄下來，一是增加自己解決問題的經驗，而是以防下次出現。

多看官方文檔

外文資料互聯網是一個更新迭代很快的行業，所有編程語言都會不斷的更新新功能和修復舊Bug，網上查的資料很有可能是舊的解決方案，現在已經不適用了。所以最好最快的方法就是查看官方文檔。

進入行業圈子

只有進入行業圈子與其他人交流，你才了解最新的行業動態，才知道自己需要更新哪些技能。

動手做項目

學習編程的最終目的就是用所學的做出具有一定功能的項目，而做項目又是最好的學習和鞏固知識的方式。如果前期能力不足就先做一些簡單的功能模塊，一步一步慢慢來，不要一開始就要實現各種酷炫炸天功能，遇到不會的就在網上查， 現在互聯網這么發達，獲取資源也及其方便。而且開發前也最好在網上查一下有沒有已經成型的框架或模板，什么都自己做一是很耗費時間，二是自己技術能力不足還可能留下不少坑。

學習Python

安裝編程環境

第一步：訪問Python官網，獲取最新安裝程序。

第二步：運行下載的安裝程序，注意勾選“Add Python3.7 to PATH”,然后選擇個性化安裝，即“Customize installation”。

第三步：確保“pip”被勾選上，之后安裝各種庫需要用到pip。

第四步：高級選項，需要的可以修改安裝目錄，通常沒有需要修改的，直接點“Install”。

第五步：等待程序自動安裝完成。

第六步：出現如下界面，說明安裝已完成。

第七步：驗證方法，Windows+R 鍵打開“運行”窗口，輸入cmd運行，進入命令提示窗口，再輸入python，進入Python的命令模式，輸入 print("Hello")，結果輸出了 Hello，如下圖所示，確定開發環境已安裝完成。

運行環境

Hello World!

命令行

在Linux命令行輸入：$python

將直接進入python。然后在命令行提示符>>>后面輸入：>>>print('Hello World!')

可以看到，隨后在屏幕上輸出:

Hello World!

print是一個常用函數，其功能就是輸出括號中得字符串。

（在Python 2.x中，print還可以是一個關鍵字，可寫成print 'Hello World!'，但這在3.x中行不通 ）

小程序

另一個使用Python的方法，是寫一個Python程序。用文本編輯器寫一個.py結尾的文件，比如說hello.py

在hello.py中寫入如下，并保存：print('Hello World!')

退出文本編輯器，然后在命令行輸入：$python hello.py

來運行hello.py。可以看到Python隨后輸出Hello World!

腳本

我們還可以把Python程序hello.py改成一個可執行的腳本，直接執行：#!/usr/bin/env python

print('Hello World!')

需要修改上面程序的權限為可執行：chmod 755 hello.py

然后再命令行中，輸入./hello.py

就可以直接運行了。

基本數據類型

變量不聲明

Python的變量不需要聲明，你可以直接輸入：>>>a = 10

那么你的內存里就有了一個變量a， 它的值是10，它的類型是integer (整數)。 在此之前你不需要做什么特別的聲明，而數據類型是Python自動決定的。

>>>print(a)

>>>print(type(a))

那么會有如下輸出：

10

這里，我們學到一個內置函數type()，用以查詢變量的類型。

回收變量名

如果你想讓a存儲不同的數據，你不需要刪除原有變量就可以直接賦值。

>>>a = 1.3

>>>print(a,type(a))

會有如下輸出

1.3

序列

sequence（序列）是一組有順序的元素的集合，（嚴格的說，是對象的集合，但鑒于我們還沒有引入“對象”概念，暫時說元素）序列可以包含一個或多個元素，也可以沒有任何元素。

我們之前所說的基本數據類型，都可以作為序列的元素。元素還可以是另一個序列，以及我們以后要介紹的其他對象。

序列有兩種：tuple（定值表； 也有翻譯為元組） 和 list (表)

>>>s1 = (2, 1.3, 'love', 5.6, 9, 12, False) # s1是一個tuple

>>>s2 = [True, 5, 'smile'] # s2是一個list

>>>print(s1,type(s1))

>>>print(s2,type(s2))

tuple和list的主要區別在于，一旦建立，tuple的各個元素不可再變更，而list的各個元素可以再變更。

一個序列作為另一個序列的元素

>>>s3 = [1,[3,4,5]]

空序列

>>>s4 = []

自學

網站

菜鳥網站

這個python教程很適合小白學習，沒有高深的原理，照著教程學就完事了。

菜鳥教程是一個提供免費編程學習的網站，里面不但能學到編程知識，還能運用在線編程工具，使你在學習的過程中得到發揮，實踐得真理，邊學邊做中讓基礎打得更穩，讓自己的知識更加穩固。在自己有不明白不理解的地方可以在網站的用戶筆記中尋找大佬們的筆記，把自己所學和技術大佬的經驗所融合，使自己更好地提升自己的能力。

菜鳥教程內容豐富，例如前端熱門語言HTML5、CSS3、JavaScript、Vue等它該有的都有，都會從最基礎的開始教，讓剛學編程的小白由淺及深，一看就懂。每個知識點都有實例可以動手，直接在頁面內做你想要的效果真的非常棒。菜鳥的排版簡潔清晰有序，內容一針見血，讓你一看就能明白其知識點的含義。

菜鳥教程不僅前端教程語言豐富，后端的Java、PHP、Python更是一應俱全，當然數據庫、移動端、XML、ASP.NET、Web Service、開發工具和網站建設也是應有盡有，菜鳥教程有學到的知識如此之多，奮斗吧少年。

廖雪峰的官方網站

廖雪峰的官方網站比較推薦新手程序員學習前端，這個網站的教學視頻的講解相對來說會比較生動，沒有其他教程那么死板，看起來也不至于那么犯困，也更便于新手去理解。總的來說，廖雪峰的官方網站作為一款啟蒙類的前端學習網站還是相當不錯的。

Python官方教程

這是Python官方出品的教程，可搭配Python標準庫一起學。

書籍

《Python編程從入門到實踐（第2版）》

作者：埃里克·馬瑟斯 （EricMatthes）袁國忠 譯

ISBN：9787115546081

出版：人民郵電出版社

本書是針對所有層次Python讀者而作的Python門書。全書分兩部分：部分介紹用Python編程所必須了解的基本概念，包括強大的Python庫和工具，以及列表、字典、if語句、類、文件與異常、代碼測試等內容；第二部分將理論付諸實踐，講解如何發三個項目，包括簡單的2D游戲、利用數據生成交互式的信息圖以及創建和定制簡單的Web應用，并幫助讀者解決常見編程問題和困惑。

《像計算機科學家一樣學Python》

ISBN：9787115425515

作者：艾倫 B. 唐尼（Allen B. Downey）

出版：人民郵電出版社

本書以培養讀者以計算機科學家一樣的思維方式來理解Python語言編程。貫穿全書的主體是如何思考、設計、發的方法，而具體的編程語言，只是提供了一個具體場景方便介紹的媒介。全書共21章，詳細介紹Python語言編程的方方面面。本書從基本的編程概念始講起，包括語言的語法和語義，而且每個編程概念都有清晰的定義，引領讀者循序漸地學習變量、表達式、語句、函數和數據結構。書中還探討了如何處理文件和數據庫，如何理解對象、方法和面向對象編程，如何使用調試技巧來修正語法錯誤、運行時錯誤和語義錯誤。

《計算機科學叢書：Java編程思想》

ISBN：9787111213826

作者：[美] Bruce Eckel

出版：機械工業出版社

本書的作者擁有多年教學經驗，對C、C++以及Java語言都有獨到、深入的見解，以通俗易懂及小而直接的示例解釋了一個個晦澀抽象的概念。本書共22章，包括操作符、控制執行流程、訪問權限控制、復用類、多態、接口、通過異常處理錯誤、字符串、泛型、數組、容器深入研究、JavaI/O系統、枚舉類型、并發以及圖形化用戶界面等內容。這些豐富的內容，包含了Java語言基礎語法以及高級特性，適合各個層次的Java程序員閱讀，同時也是高等院校講授面向對象程序設計語言以及Java語言的好教材和參考書。

《瘋狂Java講義》

ISBN：9787121361586

作者：李剛

出版：電子工業出版社

《瘋狂Java講義（第4版）》深入介紹了Java編程的相關方面，《瘋狂Java講義（第4版）》內容覆蓋了Java的基本語法結構、Java的面向對象特征、Java集合框架體系、Java泛型、異常處理、Java GUI編程、JDBC數據庫編程、Java注釋、Java的IO流體系、Java多線程編程、Java網絡通信編程和Java反射機制。覆蓋了java.lang、java.util、java.text、java.io和java.nio、java.sql、java.awt、javax.swing包下絕大部分類和接口。本書重點介紹了Java 9的模塊化系統，還詳細介紹了Java 9的jshell工具、多版本JAR包、匿名內部類的菱形語法、增強的try語句、私有接口方法，以及Java 9新增的各種API功能。

%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"編程是編定程序的中文簡稱，就是讓計算機代碼解決某個問題，對某個計算體系規定一定的運算方式，使計算體系按照該計算方式運行，并最終得到相應結果的過程","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。編程能提高邏輯思維能力，加強計算能力。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WceadiusyoyOwaxoNSsceBGjnVd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"編程語言","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Oqa2diWSioCqoexAhV7cd5qbnLd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"Python","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RYCIdicsYoyiUgx6drTcXYVMn4d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Python是一種面向對象有著代碼簡潔、可讀性強特點的解釋型計算機程序設計語言。代碼簡潔是因為它把許多的復雜的操作封裝起來，將C語言中麻煩的指針和內存管理對開發者隱藏起來，使得在開發過程中，無須在意這部分的細節。另外Python這門語言強制用戶用縮進進行排版，若不好好排版，則代碼編譯無法通過，或者運行過程會出現錯誤。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SeiEdQ4GAoc8Koxm6Oucd3MonOb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":701,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"Python","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/aeaa7b58948c4124bd69b6417e51906a","width":1563},"text":"","id":"DSA6demiCo8YmgxGYDmcdbmenQf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"C語言","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RKKodkW2Wo0muoxaYdScS9gDnse"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"C語言是一門面向過程的、抽象化的廣泛應用于底層開發的通用程序設計語言，能以簡易的方式編譯和處理低級存儲器。C語言既具有高級語言的特點，又具有匯編語言的特點，是僅產生少量機器語言以及不需要任何運行環境支持便能運行的高效率程序設計語言。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WkgAdki6koYcsSxzF93csMeynCk"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"是有簡潔的語言、具有結構化的控制語句、豐富的數據類型、豐富的運算符、可對物理地址進行直接操作、代碼具有較好的可移植性、可生成高質量、目標代碼執行效率高的程序。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FkCQdiCsmo40iqxg7ujcPBy9nHe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":806,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"C語言","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6f859719f77941aea4a29e7119f20a7f","width":1603},"text":"","id":"ME8ad6QuAoiWo2xe8zCc3gXrnog"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"Java","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FWK8d2GSUoMME2xUxHzc8kMYnQR"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Java通過面向作為靜態對象的編程語言的代表，可以充分的實現面向的對象理論的編程語言，有簡單性、功能強大、分布式、健壯性、安全性、平臺獨立與可移植性、多線程及動態性的特點。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TeIod6souoE4EkxgjEfcOZkLnoc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Java支持在網絡上應用，Java既支持各種層次的網絡連接，又以Socket類支持可靠的流（stream）網絡連接，它是分布式語言。所以用戶可以產生分布式的客戶機和服務器。網絡變成軟件應用的分布運載工具。Java程序只要編寫一次，就可到處運行。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Te4udsisCoK44gxMpuPcDy11nfd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":839,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"Java","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0e1656925be54be393b49dc2e2ac7b80","width":1893},"text":"","id":"SUW6d0aw2oskC4x2FMSc3WhNnRg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"PHP","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ic6kdo08aoY4GuxeY6Qc3Z8nnNe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"PHP是一種被廣泛應用的開放源代碼的多用途腳本語言，它可嵌入到 HTML中，尤其適合 web 開發。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IwQ8dKQCeoGAmixqM7BcXdgUnAd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"使用 PHP 的最大的好處是它對于初學者來說極其簡單，同時也給專業的程序員提供了各種高級的特性，只需幾個小時就可以自己寫一些簡單的腳本。盡管 PHP 的開發是以服務端腳本為目的，但事實上其功能遠不局限于此。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DW0Odakc6ouW6Kxu6kPcdPF3nZd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":648,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"PHP","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/300a2e3c7e954e7b8def92163c3f3673","width":1828},"text":"","id":"Naq2duscgogQ2oxYjg2cosy1nEe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"GO","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CwWwdCYeAoMuMuxCiNpcqJKpnRg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Go語言（又稱 Golang）是一種靜態強類型、編譯型語言，是一個開源編程環境，可以輕松構建簡單、可靠和高效的軟件。Go 語言語法與 C 相近，但功能上有：內存安全，GC（垃圾回收），結構形態及 CSP-style 并發計算。Go 內嵌了關聯數組（也稱為哈希表（Hashes）或字典（Dictionaries）），就像字符串類型一樣。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SIY6dO8ecoGoOOxmUVPcViIAnxb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":772,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"GO","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3a879bbdd4b64d2b9b54d3f7358e7ed3","width":1522},"text":"","id":"GuiUdc6UCoKUWGxaCogc2jcrnFe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"對比","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EGqmdKMsGogUeexukQ5cA2wTnQf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"python和c語言的區別主要體現在：語言類型、內存管理、速度、應用、運行、對象、聲明、測試和調試難度、復雜度、學習程度。 測試和調試難度不同：Python相對其他語言而言是非常簡單的語言，高度集成，代碼量少。Python中的測試和調試更容易；C中測試和調試更難。 學習難度不同：Python：Python程序更易于學習，編寫和閱讀；C語言：C程序語法比Python更難。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HEyKduA4Iow6Kwx8ZiCcPQaVnHd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"python 跟 java 一樣是強類型語言，也就是說它不會根據環境變化自動改變數據類型。python 是動態語言，而 java 是靜態語言。也就是說 python 在編程時，永遠不用給任何變量指定數據類型，而 java 寫程序時必須聲明所有變量的數據類型。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"I6yAdOUQqoQSIYxs7XVcPwlSnMe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"python 的模塊類似于 java 的 class，不過python模塊導入會執行 代碼的內容，而 java 不會。python 與 java 的執行方式還是蠻像的，都是將源碼編譯成 byte code 然后交給相應的虛擬機去執行。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VmgOds4Ceoi0KoxGa8nc0GLDneb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Python的框架數量較少，而PHP中成熟的框架比較多；PHP是面向web的語言，而Python是多用途語言，也可以用于web開發；Python使用非常嚴格的縮進強制執行，使它比PHP更具可讀性。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MW22d02SsoU2oYxesy1cIEfsnYb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SA4kdwiSIoMW42xCGzDcMMyXnfe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"學習思路","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ECkydGqiIoEmKoxQzshckC4rncd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"認識編程","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IkSQdA02Ko64KKxoHAGc6cEwnIb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"編程語言（programming language）又稱程序設計語言，是一組用特定語言編寫的用于執行特定任務的指令。主要用于開發桌面應用、操作系統、網站、移動應用等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HM2udQ0giowuekxoV1kchShynhc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"低級編程語言","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CkEQdgiGooaKGaxesABch5T1nlh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"它基于二進制數 0 和 1 工作，處理器直接運行低級程序，不需要編譯器或解釋器，因此用低級語言編寫的程序可以運行得非常快。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UgoMde6QIou8yAxambScEu1vnOb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"低級語言進一步分為兩部分","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ASy6dMoGooWsKaxeCDAcTUajnde"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"機器語言","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Z8MKdYOOmoucO0xai2uc1TUKnTd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"機器語言也稱為機器代碼或目標代碼，更容易閱讀，因為它通常以二進制或十六進制形式（基數 16）形式顯示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RIgMdsykeoaykIxawjVcRE7HnXf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"它不需要翻譯器來轉換程序，因為計算機直接理解機器語言程序。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LMsSdcWGsooA00xgzJUcR80Inuf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":" 匯編語言","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Xi0gdKkgGo0oKYxE0vacrHAtngb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"匯編語言是為特定處理器設計的，它以象征性和人類可理解的形式表示一組指令。它使用匯編程序將匯編語言轉換為機器語言。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GYOQdMKQuoGkoExyYdkcuU2anIf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"中級編程語言","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RGmIdsSwmoY8A2x89NUcdbWbnjg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中級編程語言介于低級編程語言和高級編程語言之間。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Q822d2sssoQQGYxAzK6c9GqFnbd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"它也被稱為中間程序語言和偽語言。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BuG2d8s6AoiIWCxGQt1cGdbgneg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中級編程語言的優點是支持高級編程的特性，是一種用戶友好的語言，與機器語言和人類語言密切相關。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FIg6dMMGaoYSu0xSyhpcKu46nPh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"例如：C、C++","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LK8sduKWaoa0oUxQXspcudVbnid"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"高級編程語言","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FaYsdG0KqoOGW6xa4u0c0UQVn9c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"高級編程語言 (HLL) 旨在開發用戶友好的軟件程序和網站。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Rsi4dE64WoykEkxzYAIcCNc8nbH"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"這種編程語言需要編譯器或解釋器將程序翻譯成機器語言（執行程序）。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IOqmdGCEcoeC2wxXJElc68FsnvL"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"示例：Python、Java、JavaScript、PHP、C#、C++ 等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CgagdYoyyoQMCwxJ65zcUJF6ntC"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"編程實踐","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KGCQdQuyyoIu8Cx8DxYcWwFGnXf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"學習編程語言的過程簡單描述為：過、抄、仿、改、調、看、練、創、悟。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JUUOdqi2Ko6mSix0qMBcv94pnAb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"過","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HqSsduwsUoqSamxyGKWcWlLqnDd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"基礎知識點不求深解，語言什么樣的，適用場合、基本語法格式","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XO0mdIAcMoOisgxuAb6cTIvHn9I"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"抄代碼","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZwqWdC2AioWsWGxNBikcRf0unBf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"從書上抄、例子中抄、邊抄邊想邊想邊回憶語法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XQWmdmoMcoQ82axuI6Lcjb6knDe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"模仿改","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WOc0dUWuAogWYAx8vZycJ1OYnfd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"仿照給出的代碼寫出自己的代碼","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Iokkd0EewoMSMuxqCAKch8tRnZf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"勤調試","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CCIsd2secoIAiOxUXGhcQ55Mncc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"不斷調試驗證自己想法，繼續思考，再次驗證。熟悉調試工具調試方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Sg8CdMOy8oMyysxC0jyc1mzunff"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"看n遍","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UW4Id0cOooa6EAxIro7c3bT5nle"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"出錯或者遇到問題時，將代碼從頭到尾看n遍直到快記住，找出問題原因","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ROsUdMEyQoewGUxB0JWcntn7nh6"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"練","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ag2EdIGQQowSOOxRfD2cRMnOnNl"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2-5步三遍以上","id":""}],"text":"","id":"D8eod4eqmoEUcQx0XNVcgNE9n7Z"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"創新","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JqU2damiUoQm4CxUSSDcpg16nAn"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"拿出一個沒有寫過的根據要求，一步一步寫出來，寫不出來參考6","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DIeidUEkooIGGWxmAUQcWltanhh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"悟","id":""}],"text":"","id":"V4ikdSQY4oacQWxQ3RocOJTbnQc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主動找到寫代碼的感覺和成就感，保持下去。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZOCqd80k8oi8GgxkFcUcGuxan6b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"選擇大于努力，只有切入一個適合自己的開發方向，才能持續進步。關于開發方向，我有以下兩個選擇標準。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"R620d6Qwko6O4gxeS37cRQxjnwd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":" 興趣","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WCkGd64Gwo6UcqxoV8Icg1G8nCf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"學習編程是一個非常枯燥的過程，內容多，時間長，成本高，即使報名了培訓班也學不會，所以，我們首先要選擇自己感興趣的一個開發方向，這樣不但能快速學習，以后還能持續進步。學習編程的過程是比較艱苦的，沒有興趣很難硬抗下來，此處的興趣，是指別人無法撼動的熱愛，是工作之余讓你放松的事情。如果你只是有過某種想法，別人告訴你這個想法不靠譜，你就放棄了，這頂多是一時的雞血。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BgqEdSkuMoqmqExFM9Dc7lBYnmk"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"學習方式","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FG6OdgEWAosIcexYLUecc900nLd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"費曼學習法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FOYAdYUk6oEk4gx7u0ycaoPsnEy"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在學完一個東西之后去給別人講明白，注意是講給別人聽，當你寫成文章發表在網上的時候，你自然會去用更通俗的語言，更清晰的邏輯去講述這個事物背后的邏輯。這個過程是對自己學習的一個檢驗，也是加深映像整理思路的重要過程。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EyYWdScu2o0ca2xIRdgcR5k2nnd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"那么如果你是去記筆記的話，很有可能你會傾向于去照抄，或是不完全照抄，以“提綱”或是“知識點”的形式抄在本子上。說句實話，照抄的筆記真的沒用，因為現在搜索引擎的能力已經可以讓你把大多數東西快速找到，你為什么還要照抄到筆記本上呢？","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HSu4dusiqoIcCcxCOhTccQL5n3e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"從功利的角度考慮，技術文章的寫作，別人可以直接訪問，也可以逐漸累積你的影響力，一個好的個人技術博客，會給你的簡歷加分很多，而一個厚厚的筆記本，沒有人會管你記了什么。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SOUSdQWIoo6OMYxIldZcuIU9nKh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"做好筆記","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SUoEdyCk0oOa2Ux2lGlcxcJKnXd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"大多數人沒有過目不忘的神技，學了也不一定馬上掌握，需要過后花時間慢慢領悟，而且還有忘掉的風險，所以對于重要的知識點都要做好筆記。編程的過程中總會遇到各種各樣的問題，比如編程環境的配置，常用的快捷鍵，編程過程中的錯誤、異常，軟件更新問題等等。面對這些問題都是如何解決的，一定要記錄下來，一是增加自己解決問題的經驗，而是以防下次出現。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OGGwdgoU0oca0gxamqlcZ7HVnCf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"多看官方文檔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HqyKdYYu8oU6QCxKmzicQi2qnxb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"外文資料互聯網是一個更新迭代很快的行業，所有編程語言都會不斷的更新新功能和修復舊Bug，網上查的資料很有可能是舊的解決方案，現在已經不適用了。所以最好最快的方法就是查看官方文檔。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FGkAdKUGioyu6OxiQ7pcForVnXc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"進入行業圈子","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OEwIdSQ4EoK0U8xHbsJcVXchnCw"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"只有進入行業圈子與其他人交流，你才了解最新的行業動態，才知道自己需要更新哪些技能。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XqkadOImEoakm4xCGrscdtHOnrg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"動手做項目","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SMIQdeS4Qo60gKxSE1qcpjf9n1b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"學習編程的最終目的就是用所學的做出具有一定功能的項目，而做項目又是最好的學習和鞏固知識的方式。如果前期能力不足就先做一些簡單的功能模塊，一步一步慢慢來，不要一開始就要實現各種酷炫炸天功能，遇到不會的就在網上查， 現在互聯網這么發達，獲取資源也及其方便。而且開發前也最好在網上查一下有沒有已經成型的框架或模板，什么都自己做一是很耗費時間，二是自己技術能力不足還可能留下不少坑。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"E8SSdsQksoOykkxq8qhc2D9UnPh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"學習Python","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Noeodu46Eoyg4Oxcz2Lcvsh6nWf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"安裝編程環境","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ucwad8wU0omK2YxUmNnc76Pjneb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第一步：訪問Python官網，獲取最新安裝程序。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CIWwdiUucoGM4Axe1XscufX4npb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":253,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"安裝編程環境","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6243e00debbc4a70b8dc277fa202d4e3","width":500},"text":"","id":"ZAUEdiiUoockeYx4FwFcKNmVnsb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"第二步：運行下載的安裝程序，注意勾選“Add Python3.7 to PATH”,然后選擇個性化安裝，即“Customize installation”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DikMdkUMeoIIwOxEFNjcgKC8nfb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":308,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"安裝編程環境","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/61c8842e690b42fc8de3ab3bce410252","width":500},"text":"","id":"VeISdQwCcogI8yxKqjrcxkXBnXf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"第三步：確保“pip”被勾選上，之后安裝各種庫需要用到pip。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JakkdcOG8omkoCxUt62cPMoinKb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":308,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"安裝編程環境","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/257a0f4181604843b6b89e1ab0d338fc","width":500},"text":"","id":"HQUGdykoMoSUmGxymgjcOwounzg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"第四步：高級選項，需要的可以修改安裝目錄，通常沒有需要修改的，直接點“Install”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"U8gUdO22So4GWMxk5AAcYxhgnwd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":308,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"安裝編程環境","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a0bb9ea7ffad45d5aeef1f09f1dde2a4","width":500},"text":"","id":"IGQwdQag4oi06uxWuyacQYQAnwe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"第五步：等待程序自動安裝完成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZqiadCqiEoWewYx0AC8cBcnTneh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":308,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"安裝編程環境","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a46cba8c1cc64627a6bcb5bf991fe3f9","width":500},"text":"","id":"EmCWd0sMaoowOIxuA2lctZeXn8e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"第六步：出現如下界面，說明安裝已完成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CSiudKqaqomAkcx2B6tcVnpGnPd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":308,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"安裝編程環境","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/379805f0786b447583f0a32c4d573b32","width":500},"text":"","id":"UiCYdig0KoeIUWx049tcMB6bn6f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"第七步：驗證方法，Windows+R 鍵打開“運行”窗口，輸入cmd運行，進入命令提示窗口，再輸入python，進入Python的命令模式，輸入 print(\"Hello\")，結果輸出了 Hello，如下圖所示，確定開發環境已安裝完成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Lmoede4cuoEwQKxmabGcMLaXnXf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":261,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"安裝編程環境","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f84920cc98b14ad9beb9aae12c2e06f7","width":500},"text":"","id":"MsIgduUaEosaG6xSunHcnIm8nvf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"運行環境","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Lqiwde2SYoKEoOxquyEcgRRLnLd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"Hello World!","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IIgSdccwkoeaG8xmadlcUw6Bnbh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"命令行","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JAaKdcMMUoSaKcxW4c1ccXeGnPb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在Linux命令行輸入：$python","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ac0Udg8sKoo64WxKUEpcVHc9ngc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"將直接進入python。然后在命令行提示符\u003e\u003e\u003e后面輸入：\u003e\u003e\u003eprint('Hello World!')","id":""}],"text":"","id":"C6OwdcCKao0kG8x4u6bchmSwn9e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"可以看到，隨后在屏幕上輸出:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HMyIdGao0omCcMxyu1Kc9DyFnQJ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Hello World!","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HCWydoCIKo02yMxOy7GcZ1MBnkc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"print是一個常用函數，其功能就是輸出括號中得字符串。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"K4gYdSoiuo00icxAHmpc1eimnGc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（在Python 2.x中，print還可以是一個關鍵字，可寫成print 'Hello World!'，但這在3.x中行不通 ）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BQACduGE6oCgSOx2fvYcEcbPn4f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"小程序","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NGqsdeUKwoewYQx3zgdcf4Q4nsb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"另一個使用Python的方法，是寫一個Python程序。用文本編輯器寫一個.py結尾的文件，比如說hello.py","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LkWEdeSkSosWMexWc7PcjpdvnJg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在hello.py中寫入如下，并保存：print('Hello World!')","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JgOsdAKe4ogmyExYHgLcTmQunyg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"退出文本編輯器，然后在命令行輸入：$python hello.py","id":""}],"text":"","id":"So08dE2imoYYQCxQ2QFcO82cnJL"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"來運行hello.py。可以看到Python隨后輸出Hello World!","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AIKCdsmeYoCwwUx0su3cHkHqnvb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"腳本","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZsEMdwYWcoQOsQxSSv6cYylLn5e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我們還可以把Python程序hello.py改成一個可執行的腳本，直接執行：#!/usr/bin/env python","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LqUgd8CeQoCIeux81qFc7h69nHE"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"print('Hello World!')","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ASc8d6YmkoASeOxcNArcGC3Anbc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"需要修改上面程序的權限為可執行：chmod 755 hello.py","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SY4Sd2aEMoy8E2x8moScAd5Gnbc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"然后再命令行中，輸入./hello.py","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KcuSdKiEGomYGmxcxZ9cfAzwn9d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"就可以直接運行了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WoeudWqOAosyosx8vdLcVyTQnre"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"基本數據類型","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PCwKdMoS2oKi4gxFAqZctL2XnJp"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"變量不聲明","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HsuQdOC6kosCkax4ML4cAJ8Dnje"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Python的變量不需要聲明，你可以直接輸入：\u003e\u003e\u003ea = 10","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SoA0dk2IKogMgOxewwVc4LkKnMe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"那么你的內存里就有了一個變量a， 它的值是10，它的類型是integer (整數)。 在此之前你不需要做什么特別的聲明，而數據類型是Python自動決定的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KuuidCs4SooqGex6ZITcthxHnHc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"\u003e\u003e\u003eprint(a)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VUaadIGOqoYYS4xwFOLcR1CVnEh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"\u003e\u003e\u003eprint(type(a))","id":""}],"text":"","id":"K2uYdIgSwoIaKexCWFvc3GZnnIe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"那么會有如下輸出：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VYCKdqwy4oWG6Ux2xQjcXvipnzV"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"10","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FukWdMmaAoceg4xCaJ5c8ktfnuf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"\u003cclass 'int'\u003e","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Mo4IdywqgoqKI8xSBu7cFmLyndb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"這里，我們學到一個內置函數type()，用以查詢變量的類型。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"C8yKdI8amoWwssxaEpQcGuK7nTf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"回收變量名","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LmgCdYeiuoIWgWxOon3c3P1Hncd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果你想讓a存儲不同的數據，你不需要刪除原有變量就可以直接賦值。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"J0C0dc8UWo4CESx4m4jceRTAn4e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"\u003e\u003e\u003ea = 1.3","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Tme6dEUG8ogECYxMrZOcjBzCnfg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"\u003e\u003e\u003eprint(a,type(a))","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Xo8mdWieio2ayqxYvCqcNNnKnac"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"會有如下輸出","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HEQgdWU6so2EW0x2pYGc8Up6nLf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1.3 \u003cclass 'float'\u003e","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Xe0Qd0YkEoWcUixQxzNcsc7BnQc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"序列","id":""}],"text":"","id":"K4sIdyYiaooeSKx0ENocBIlknzb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"sequence（序列）是一組有順序的元素的集合，（嚴格的說，是對象的集合，但鑒于我們還沒有引入“對象”概念，暫時說元素）序列可以包含一個或多個元素，也可以沒有任何元素。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NKG2d8UMAokU4mxs9Snc667DnQf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我們之前所說的基本數據類型，都可以作為序列的元素。元素還可以是另一個序列，以及我們以后要介紹的其他對象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SIe2duU4WoQEuMxUTXrcAmmKn2f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"序列有兩種：tuple（定值表； 也有翻譯為元組） 和 list (表)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RmMwdgGU4oqywAxIZbQcqQHjnNe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"\u003e\u003e\u003es1 = (2, 1.3, 'love', 5.6, 9, 12, False) # s1是一個tuple","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WOaCdYes4o2k8yxWsrqckvlxnDd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"\u003e\u003e\u003es2 = [True, 5, 'smile'] # s2是一個list","id":""}],"text":"","id":"De8ydgYi2o0ciixAjmgcINQnnzd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"\u003e\u003e\u003eprint(s1,type(s1))","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IMqQdWcKEogyGuxORI4cXDm9n5N"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"\u003e\u003e\u003eprint(s2,type(s2))","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EY6idcQaooqaaGx0o8HcNZcmnHc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"tuple和list的主要區別在于，一旦建立，tuple的各個元素不可再變更，而list的各個元素可以再變更。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"A8A0d4wsEoQM6gxy8wfczcPunJg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一個序列作為另一個序列的元素","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BiqUdsI6Koks4gxyig4ckRhgnGd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"\u003e\u003e\u003es3 = [1,[3,4,5]]","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YoyEdOKywoYs8Ax4E1ic6uIan3c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"空序列","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OWykdUkeWo4UOQxWiu3cKYkDnAd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"\u003e\u003e\u003es4 = []","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VWEIdSqWooyg40xMpeYcDMo9nbd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"自學","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KW4Odiy8Eo4QyMxmAKFciGS8n4f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"網站","id":""}],"text":"","id":"G4AadueAIoa4o8xs9gwcSrAxnme"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"菜鳥網站","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KqWid0A6UoAOIAxIlTWcxC9Nnsd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"這個python教程很適合小白學習，沒有高深的原理，照著教程學就完事了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UiaCdQGKyo6Wg2xwxHoc2Dxmnxt"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"菜鳥教程是一個提供免費編程學習的網站，里面不但能學到編程知識，還能運用在線編程工具，使你在學習的過程中得到發揮，實踐得真理，邊學邊做中讓基礎打得更穩，讓自己的知識更加穩固。在自己有不明白不理解的地方可以在網站的用戶筆記中尋找大佬們的筆記，把自己所學和技術大佬的經驗所融合，使自己更好地提升自己的能力。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZEgwdWWSsoq682x8f5wchxAynZe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"菜鳥教程內容豐富，例如前端熱門語言HTML5、CSS3、JavaScript、Vue等它該有的都有，都會從最基礎的開始教，讓剛學編程的小白由淺及深，一看就懂。每個知識點都有實例可以動手，直接在頁面內做你想要的效果真的非常棒。菜鳥的排版簡潔清晰有序，內容一針見血，讓你一看就能明白其知識點的含義。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WiU8de84coa6cQxcTG1chmmunkh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"菜鳥教程不僅前端教程語言豐富，后端的Java、PHP、Python更是一應俱全，當然數據庫、移動端、XML、","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"ASP.NET","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"、Web Service、開發工具和網站建設也是應有盡有，菜鳥教程有學到的知識如此之多，奮斗吧少年。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RggwdQ6uqoSiQWxI1ENck2ktnYe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":383,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"菜鳥網站","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0798ab45151c4bd0ad7d0b1c1b4f9566","width":720},"text":"","id":"NI2SdAC2QosicOxQ9YxcHeSknnh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 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（EricMatthes）袁國忠 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B. 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有沒有可以看高清衛星地圖的網址？

你好，很高興回答你的問題，個人認為是谷歌地圖。谷歌地球是毋庸置疑的世界上最優秀的地圖類工具，沒有之一。其功能強大到令人驚嘆，不僅適用于GIS、導航、測繪行業，還可用于個人旅游，地圖觀賞等。

Google Maps是一個相當好用的網絡地圖，任何時候我們都可以藉由這個詳細的地圖來查詢地址、規劃行程。不過由于他是網絡地圖，所以每次開電腦查詢時都必須連上網路才能正常使用。

軟件介紹：

google map截獲器是一個免費且功能強大的谷歌地圖截圖軟件，該軟件界面簡潔，操作方便，體積小巧，功能不錯，主要可截取Google Map衛星影像、地圖、地形圖，海量下載，大幅面拼圖，并賦予正確的Google Map投影坐標。

google 地圖截獲器，簡單方便，易用，坐標精確，海量下載，無任何使用限制，不僅適用于GIS、導航、測繪行業，還可用于個人旅游，地圖觀賞等，本軟件拼出的圖像可滿足專業需求。

主要功能

1、大幅面截獲Google Map上的地圖、衛星影像、地形圖，拼接并存儲為tif格式的圖像，同時賦上正確的Google Map投影與坐標。

2、無幅面大小限制、海量下載、無縫拼接、多級別批量下載。

3、用戶可靈活設定幅面大小、地圖飄移速度等，同時可以保留提取到的原始瓦片用作發布等。

軟件安裝：

1、直接安裝，需要.net2.0支持，安裝后程序會自動提示用戶進行安裝；

2、支持windows XP/Vista/Win7系統；

使用方法：

1、輸入要下載地圖的范圍

（1）手動輸入，在“角點一”與“角點二”中輸入經緯度，格式為 緯度，經度；

（2）地圖拾取，點擊”Map點取”按鈕，然后用鼠標在地圖框中單擊，即可獲取坐標點；

2、選擇要下載地圖的類型

在地圖框中右上角地圖類型導航欄中，選擇“地圖“，“衛星”或“地形”。

3、選擇拼圖存放位置

選擇拼圖存放的文件夾，文件夾為空最好，否則當生成同名文件時，會覆蓋原來的文件。

4、地圖截獲器進入工作狀態，用戶可以點”截圖初始化“按鈕中止當前任務；

以上就是關于谷歌地圖截圖軟件的介紹。

希望我的回答能夠幫助到你！

希望以上的介紹能夠幫助到你，如果有什么不懂可以評論留言！

如何學習音標？

音標是學習英語的第一步，想要學好音標需要認識音標、會讀音標，這樣以后才能認識單詞。在學習音標前，我們要先知道國際音標有48個，元音有20個，輔音有28個，元音又分為單元音和雙元音，單元音有12個，雙元音有8個。

音標數目

在上表中，我們可以看到音標有48個，現在我們常說的國際音標也是48個。

可以點擊下面鏈接學習音標。

《【48個英語音標示范讀音-嗶哩嗶哩】 https://b23.tv/mt9vVaK》

元音部分

輔音部分

音標的分類

最實用的分類方式是：元音=長元音+短元音+雙元音；輔音=清輔音+濁輔音。

英語一共有48個國際音標，包括20個元音，28個輔音。

20個元音包括5個長元音：/i:/、/?:/、/u:/、/a:/、/?:/；

7個短元音：[i]?[?]?[?]?[u]?[?]?[e]?[?]；

8個雙元音：/e?、/a?/、/??/、/??/、/e?/、/??/、/??/、/a?/；

注意：

1、長元音顧名思義就是發的音比較長而飽滿；短元音則發的音比較短而急；

2、雙元音就是兩個單元音拼在一起，成為組合音。雙元音發音的特點是前面的單元音發音長，后面的發音比較短。

28個輔音包括：輕輔音/p/ /t/ /k/ /f/ /θ/ /s/ /?/ /ts/ /t?/ /tr/ /h/

濁輔音 /b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ /e/ /z/ /?/ /dz/ /d?/ /dr/ /r/

鼻音 /m/ /n/ /?/

半元音 /j/ /w/

邊音 /?/

發音技巧

長元音

點擊這個視頻學習長元音發音。《【元音音標（長元音）-嗶哩嗶哩】 https://b23.tv/xz9mOz3》

5個長元音/i:/、/?:/、/u:/、/a:/、/?:/發音技巧。

（1）/i:/發音技巧：

發音時舌尖抵下齒，口形扁平。在發音的時候要盡量拉長，就像古人喝醉酒以后吟詩的感覺。

單詞舉例：bee [bi?] n. 蜜蜂；see [si?] v. 看見，參看

（2）/?:/發音技巧：

/?:/是長元音，近似于北京腔的“兒”話音，如“花兒”的“兒”。發好這個音，關鍵在于卷舌！

單詞舉例：shirt [??:t] n. 襯衫,男士襯衫；nurse [n?:s] n. 護士,保姆

（3）/u:/發音技巧

發這個音時雙唇用力向前突出，有點像拉長了音說“烏”，但要注意，“烏”的口形較扁。

單詞舉例：moon [mu:n] n. 月球,月亮；room [ru?m] n. 房間,空間

（4）/a:/發音技巧

發音時口張大，雙唇稍收圓。發音時可以照著鏡子，說“啊”，看看嘴巴張得夠不夠大，記得要將嘴巴盡量張大。

單詞舉例：ask [a:sk] v. 問,詢問； far [fa:r] adj. 遠的

（5）/?:/發音技巧

發這個音時，雙唇稍稍收圓，并向前突出，發音接近于漢語“嗷”。這是個長元音，記住：長元音一定要拉長，發出來才好聽。

單詞舉例：door [d?:r] n. 門； short [??:t] adj. 短的

短元音

點擊這個視頻學習短元音發音。《【【英語音標7個短元音/?/ /?/ /?/ /?/ /?/ /e/ /?/怎么讀？】-嗶哩嗶哩】 https://b23.tv/fo9Bd5E》

7個短元音：/i/、/?/、?/?/、/u/、/?/、/e/、/?/

（1）/i/發音技巧

它是個短元音，發音要短促而輕快。

單詞舉例：big [b?ɡ] adj. 大的,龐大的；Fit [fit] v. 合身,適合于

（2）/?/發音技巧

發音時舌身平放，雙唇扁平。發這個音時不用卷舌。

單詞舉例：teacher [?ti?t??] n. 老師,教師； mother [?m?e?] n. 母親

（3）/?/ 發音技巧

這是一個短元音，發音一定要短，發音比/?:/短一些，雙唇稍稍收圓，并向前突出。

單詞舉例：dog [d?g] n.狗,家伙；hot [h?t] adj. 熱的,辣的

（4）/u/ 發音技巧

發音時雙唇收圓，稍突出。就像發漢語中的“烏”，但沒發完就給打斷了一樣。

單詞舉例：book [b?k] n. 書,卷；cook [k?k] vt. 烹調,煮

（5）/?/ 發音技巧

發音時舌尖和舌端兩側輕觸下齒，唇形稍扁，開口度較大。這個發音有點像發“啊”音時突然被誰卡住了脖子的感覺。

單詞舉例：brother['br?e?(r)] n. 哥哥，弟弟；mother [?m?e?] n. 母親

（6）/e/發音技巧

發音時舌尖抵下齒，舌前部稍抬起，上下嘴張開的角度大約呈“45度”，同時發出聲音。

單詞舉例：leg [leg] v.?n.?腿,支柱； desk?[desk] n.?書桌

（7）/?/發音技巧

發音時，雙唇向兩邊平伸，張開嘴，嘴唇放松逐漸壓低舌頭7和下顎，盡可能夸張。

單詞舉例：bad?[b?d]?：adj.?壞的,不好的；cat?[k?t]?：n.?貓，貓科動物

雙元音

點擊這個視頻學習雙元音發音。《【【英語基礎】英語國際音標-8個雙元音的發音-嗶哩嗶哩】 https://b23.tv/VQsPDdl》

8個雙元音發音技巧：/e?/、/a?/、/??/、/??/、/e?/、/??/、/??/、/a?/

（1）/e?/發音技巧

該音是個雙元音，發音時雙唇稍扁，口形從半開到合。類似于英文字母“A”。

單詞舉例：say[sei]?v.說；delay[di?lei]?n.?延遲?

（2）/a?/發音技巧

發此音的關鍵是要把/a/音發足，接近于英文字母中的“I”。

單詞舉例：ice??[ais]?n.?冰，雪糕；side?[said] n.?面，邊

（3）/??/發音技巧

發音時雙唇從圓到扁，口形從開到合。接近于漢語發音“奧一”。

單詞舉例：oil??[?il]?n.?油，石油；noise?[n??z]?n.?噪音，嘈雜聲

（4）/??/發音技巧

發聲時，由第一個音[i]向[?]集中，接近于漢語發音“一呃”。

單詞舉例：fear???[f??r]?：n.?害怕，可能性；dear???[d??r]?：adj.?親愛的

（5）/e?/發音技巧

接近于漢語發音“哎呃”。

單詞舉例：bear??[b??]?：n.?熊；wear??[w??]?：vt.?穿著

（6）/??/發音技巧

第一個是“短烏音”/u/，第二個是/?/。類似于漢語發音“屋呃”。

單詞舉例：sure?[???r]?adj.?確信的，確實的；pure??[pj??r]?adj.?純的；?單純的

（7）/??/發音技巧

舌位由半低到高，口形由半開到小。接近于漢語發音“呃屋”。

單詞舉例：?flow??[fl?u]?：vi.?流；glow???[ɡl??]?：vi.?發光，灼熱

（8）/a?/發音技巧

由第一個音向第二個音滑動，接近于漢語發音“啊屋”。

單詞舉例：cow?[ka?]?n.?奶牛，乳牛；hour?[a??r]?n.?小時，鐘頭

輔音

點擊這個視頻學習輔音發音。《【英語音標（輔音部分），發音規則與技巧！美式發音，地道口語！清輔音，濁輔音！初級，零基礎，歡迎新手！-嗶哩嗶哩】 https://b23.tv/dCgZVAA》

11個清輔音 /p/ /t/ /k/ /f/ /θ/ /s/ /?/ /ts/ /t?/ /tr/ /h/

11個濁輔音 /b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ /e/ /z/ /?/ /dz/ /d?/ /dr/ /r/

注意：

清輔音：發音時送氣，聲帶不顫動（顫不顫用手放在喉嚨上就知道了）

濁輔音：發音時不送氣(拿張紙放在嘴前，紙沒有被吹開)，聲帶顫動。

（1）/p/ /b/諧音分別為“普”、“卜”，都省去韻母成分

發音方法：/p/是清輔音，聲帶不振動；/b/是濁輔音，聲帶振動。

單詞舉例：/p/：pen [pen] n.鋼筆；pin [pin] n.大頭針

/b/：bike [baik] n.自行車；beg [beg] v.乞求

（2）/t/ /d/分別諧音“特”、“得”。

發音方法：/t/是清輔音，聲帶不振動；/d/是濁輔音，聲帶振動。

單詞舉例：/t/ ：ten [ten] num； test [test] n. 試驗, 考驗

/d/： student?[?studnt] ?n.學生； date ?[de?t] n.日期、日子、約見時間 v.注明日期、寫上日期

（3）/k/ /g/分別諧音“可”、“嗝”。

發音方法：發音時舌后部隆起緊貼軟顎，憋住氣，然后突然分開，氣流送出口腔，形成爆破音。/k/是清輔音，聲帶不要振動；/g/是濁輔音，聲帶需要振動。

單詞舉例：/k/ ：kite [kait] n. 風箏；cake [ke?k] n. 蛋糕

/g/： glove [ɡl?v] n. 手套；girl [ɡ?:l] n. 女孩

（4）/f/ /v/

/f/諧音“府”，/v/就是北方人把W讀成V那種感覺。

發音方法：發音前，上齒咬住下嘴唇，然后使氣流由唇齒間的縫隙中通過，從而引起摩擦。

/f/是清輔音，發音時聲帶不震動；/v/是濁輔音，發音時聲帶振動。

單詞舉例：/f/：flower ['fla??r] n. 花；fly [flai] vi.飛, 飛行

/v/：love [l?v] v. 愛；seven [?sev?n] num. 七

(5)/θ/ /e/ 牙齒輕咬舌尖發出的音

發音方法：發音時，舌尖微微伸出，置于上下門齒之間，舌尖和下齒之間的氣流通道非常窄小，氣流從舌齒間的窄縫中通過。/θ/是清輔音，發音時聲帶不振動；/e/是濁輔音，發音時聲帶振動。

單詞舉例：/θ/：three [θri:] num. 三； throw [θr??] vi. 投擲

/e/：this [e?s] pron. 這,這個，這里； mother [?m?e?(r)] n. 母親

(6)/s/ 諧音“絲”，/z/“zi”

發音方法：發音時舌端靠近齒齦，氣流由舌端齒齦間送出。/s/是清輔音，聲帶不振動；/z/是濁浦音，聲帶振動。

單詞舉例：/s/：school [sku:l] n. 學校，學院；bus [b?s] n. 公共汽車

/z/：please [pli:z] int.請；zoo [zu:] n.動物園

(7)/ts/ /dz/分別諧音“次”、“自”

發音方法：舌端先貼住上齒齦，堵住氣流，氣流送出口腔。/ts/是清輔音，聲帶不振動，/dz/是濁輔音，聲帶振動。

單詞舉例：/ts/：cats [k?ts] n. 貓( cat的名詞復數 )；hats [h?ts] n. 帽子( hat的名詞復數 )

/dz/：hands [h?ndz] n.手；lands [l?ndz] n.陸地

(8)/tr/ /dr/分別諧音“戳”、“捉”

發音方法：舌尖貼齒齦后部，氣流沖破阻礙發出短促的/t/后立即發/r/。/tr/是清輔音，聲帶不振動；/dr/是濁輔音，聲帶振動。

單詞舉例：/tr/ : tree [tri:] n. 樹，木料；try [tra?] vt.& vi. 試圖

/dr/：dress [dres] n.連衣裙；drink [dr??k] v.喝酒

(9)/∫/ /?/分別諧音“詩”、“日”

發音方法：/∫/是清輔音，聲帶不振動；/?/是濁輔音，聲帶振動。

單詞舉例：/∫/：English [???gl??] adj. 英格蘭的； 英國的；rubbish [?r?b??] n. 垃圾；

/?/：pleasure [?ple??] n.快樂，愉快；casual [?k??u?l] adj意外的，偶然的

（10）/t∫/ /d?/分別諧音“吃”、“之”

發音方法：發音時舌身抬高，舌端抵上齒齦后部，氣流通過時發出破擦音。/t∫/是清輔音，聲帶不振動；/d?/是濁輔音，聲帶振動。

單詞舉例：/t∫/： chalk [t??:k] n. 粉筆；chair [t?e?r] n. 椅子

/d?/：page [pe?d?] n.頁 ；age [e?d?] n.年齡

(11)/h/ /r/分別諧音“呵”、“若”，省去韻母成分。

發音方法：

發/h/這個音時，嘴半開，氣流從口腔不受阻礙而出，聲帶不振動，清輔音。

發/r/這個音時，舌端上卷，靠近上齒齦附近，嘴唇張開并保持略圓狀態，氣流從口腔涌出，聲帶振動，屬于濁輔音。

單詞舉例: /h/： hair [he?(r)] n.頭發；hate [he?t] v.恨，厭惡

/r/： sorry ['s?r?] v.對不起 ；write [ra?t] v.寫

鼻音

點擊這個視頻學習鼻音發音。《【（21）鼻音 m n ? | 英語音標發音口型示范 | 美式發音-嗶哩嗶哩】 https://b23.tv/8P1jfXx》

(1)/m/諧音“恩”

發音方法：雙唇緊閉，軟腭下垂，氣流從鼻腔發出，聲帶震動。閉口音。

單詞舉例：major [?me?d??(r)] adj.主要的；time [ta?m] n.時間

(2)/n/諧音“呢”

發音方法：舌尖頂住上齒齦，形成阻礙，氣流從鼻腔發出，同時聲帶震動，開口音。

單詞舉例：nice [na?c] adj.漂亮的；funny [?f?ni] adj.有趣的

(3)/?/諧音“英”，省去聲母部分

發音方法：發音時氣流從鼻腔涌出，聲帶振動。

單詞舉例： think [θ??k] v.想；angel [?e?nd?l] n.天使

邊音

點擊這個視頻學習邊音發音。《【真正的國際音標-邊音 Lateral-嗶哩嗶哩】 https://b23.tv/G9C7X9F》

/l/諧音“里”

發音方法：舌尖頂住上齒齦，發音時氣流從舌面的兩側通過，聲帶保持震動，屬于濁輔音。

單詞舉例：light [la?t] n.光線 ；ball [b?:l] n.球

半元音

點擊這個視頻學習半元音發音。《【BBC英語 其他輔音 半元音'w'的發音 與'v'的區別 國際音標發音｜Pronunciation Tips 34 - Other Consonant-嗶哩嗶哩】 https://b23.tv/fC2pYDl》

/j/諧音“耶”

發音方法：發音時聲帶震動，氣流口腔發出。濁輔音，發音口型類似/ i/.

單詞舉例：ye [jes] adv.是的；young [j??] adj.年輕的

/w/諧音“屋”

發音方法：嘴唇張開到剛好可以含住一根吸管的程度，并向前微噘起，但上齒不能接觸下唇,立刻滑向其后的元音。

單詞舉例：wish [w??] ：v. 希望； which [w?t?] ：pron. 哪一個

學習步驟

抄寫

抄寫音標，并了解音標特點。

對音標的基本認知

1、區別長短音帶“：”的音標發音相對較長不帶“：”的音標發音相對較短。

2、區別清輔音和濁輔音核心區別：清輔音聲帶不震動，濁輔音聲帶振動。

模仿練習

找合適的視頻學習學習跟讀。例如b站上《【賴世雄48個英語音標朗讀示范，美音英音對照版-嗶哩嗶哩】 【https://b23.tv/sHYQFZ3】》、《【李詠梅老師英語（音標部分）——最牛的初中英語老師！沒有之一！李詠梅國際音標 （完整版發音篇）-嗶哩嗶哩】 https://b23.tv/U1pmjNE》、《【純正英式發音】這是BBC出品的到現在為止最棒的英語發音教程（完整版）-嗶哩嗶哩】 https://b23.tv/gZzDKl5》，以上幾個視頻都非常不錯，詳細講解每個音標的讀法。注意視頻一定至少跟讀5遍，才能確保你的學習效果。

也可以通過下面這個視頻觀察發音口型的變化。

《【48個英語音標示范讀音-嗶哩嗶哩】 https://b23.tv/mt9vVaK》

1、模仿練習，學習國際音標的發音，要注意觀察老師的口型，觀察發音部位的變化，主動模仿發音，初學可以對著鏡子模仿練習，特別是元音發音的舌位高低，口腔開口度大小與音色關系十分密切，可以通過鏡子觀察口型上的區別，觀察舌尖、舌面、舌葉的活動情況，比如u和o、i和e、e和ε等等，掌握準確口腔開口度，對于準確發音具有非常重要的意義。

2、聽音訓練:學習國際音標需要認識48個音標，通過反反復復的聽力練習，達到強化記憶。聽音訓練，如果有條件，可以多聽老師朗讀音標，也可以使用錄音帶反復聽音，本課件中的每個音素，都可以循環傾聽，強化記憶。

3、多動口，動口是加強實踐的關鍵和核心，聽音也好，模仿也好，比較也好，最終要歸結到自己發音這一目標上來，所以勤動口是掌握國際音標發音的關鍵。俗話說，"三天不寫手生，三天不念口生"，說的就是要加強動手動口能力的培養。因此學習國際音標，要時時加強語音訓練，勤動口，反復實踐練習，在實踐中比較，在實踐中體會差別，做到熟能生巧，這樣自然就掌握國際音標的發音了。

重點音標講解

單元音

[i:] =“一”

[?]：[?]開口要比[i:]稍大，注意比較兩圖口型。

[e] 嘴張45°，[?]嘴張90°

[?:r] [?r]=“二”

[?]=額（不卷舌）

[?]：開口比“啊”略小

[ɑ:r]=卷舌的“啊”

[ɑ] =“啊”

[?] =開口稍大的“哦”

[?:r]=卷舌的“哦”

[u:]核心：雙唇由半開微突，過渡到合嘴圓唇

[?] 發成噘嘴的[?],氣流向外。

雙元音

雙元音較簡單，大多數可進行類比，注意雙元音的重音在第一個音標，即前一個音讀的稍重，后一個音讀的較輕。

[e?]=“A”

[a?]=“I”

[??]=“O”

[??]=“哦一”

[??]=ear

[e?]=air

[??]=“烏爾”

輔音

大部分輔音跟“漢語拼音”都有相似之處，直接看視頻模仿即可，這里只講解易錯發音。

爆破音：

[t] [p] [k] 不要讀成[t?] [p?] [k?] 注意：它們聲帶不震動

摩擦音：

[f][v] 咬唇音，注意上齒咬下唇

[θ][e]

上下齒輕咬舌頭，發音時能看到你的舌頭露出

[?]=不發音的“詩” [?]= “日”

[r]=撅嘴＋卷舌的“熱” [h]=不發音＋舌頭平放的“喝”

鼻音

[m] 合嘴

[n] 舌前部抵住上顎

[?] 嘴巴張開

舌側音[l]

元音前：跟拼音“l”發音一致元音后：發“l”的前半段

半元音

[j] “也”

[w] =圓唇噘嘴的“我”

破擦音

[t?]= 不發聲的“吃”

[d?]= “居”

[ts]=不發聲的“次”

[dz]=“子”

[tr] 先發“t”，在發“r”，最后結合在一起

[dr] 同上

詞匯拼讀

1、規劃拼讀任務，拿出單詞書或課本詞匯表，找只含1~2個音節的單詞拼讀，20個為一組，每天練習3組，當然如果有時間，多進行幾組也OK，加強效果。后期難度逐漸加大。

2、輸入法識別詞匯，每拼讀一個詞匯，都對著X飛輸入法的語音識別功能朗讀，看能否被輸入法識別出單詞，用機器來檢測是否讀的準確。

3、聽詞匯跟讀，不管輸入法識別出單詞，還是沒識別出單詞，都要查手機字典，來聽一遍聽力，并跟讀，模仿語調和輕重讀音。

例如：Cash driver apartment money breakfast lawyer agency

學習計劃

1、國際音標，一共48個，每天學4個，12天學完，元音和輔音每天各學習兩個。

2、學完以后結合和音標相關的單詞，每天堅持讀一個小時，第二天要把第一天的一塊兒讀，第三天要把前兩天的一塊兒讀，依次類推，堅持學完所有的音標，就可以讀字典上任何一個單詞。

3、長期堅持下去，會發現其實很多字母和音標有著關聯，比如ph都發音標f的音，字母u發尖a的音，類似的規律，當大家堅持下來以后會發現很多，同時你甚至可以聽到單詞的發音就能把單詞拼出來，直接就把背單詞的問題解決了，音標會讀，單詞會讀，單詞會背，聽力當然也不再是問題。自己總結出來的規律說明真的學會了，同時自己得出來的結論要比老師直接告訴你印象更深刻，同時最重要的是用起來更容易。

注意事項

1、了解發音要領，模仿老師口型

學習語音，一定要注意口型，并仔細揣摩每個音標的發音要領，特別是相似音標的發音區別。

零基礎學員不要以為盯著老師的口型就好了，其實發音很多都是內部器官看不到的， 所以需要老師正確的發音示范，跟著老師一起讀，然后再加上老師給的一些技巧，繼續跟讀，老師感覺哪有問題，再幫著糾正，這樣一系列過程才是練成標準發音的秘籍。

2、 單詞拼讀實戰，一對一糾正錯誤

養成一口純正口語最重要的還是練習練習再練習，單詞拼讀實戰訓練，鞏固你的發音。不斷讀，不斷糾正，訓練單個音標到訓練多個單詞，在學習語音的過程中，再掌握一些基礎的詞匯。

3、辯音練習，糾正錯誤，掌握發音規律

訓練難度會隨著課程的深入不斷加強，但還是訓練相同的內容，一節課很多類似的訓練內容。音標中很多類似的發音，將相似音放在一起對比再練習，舌頭和耳朵在這很重要。

%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"音標是學習英語的第一步，想要學好音標需要認識音標、會讀音標，這樣以后才能認識單詞。在學習音標前，我們要先知道國際音標有48個，元音有20個，輔音有28個，元音又分為單元音和雙元音，單元音有12個，雙元音有8個。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"X0ayd2WScoy4M6xsFVmcneA8n8f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"音標數目","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XGMMdqqKGoIkyGxmsOVcclDvnFd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在上表中，我們可以看到音標有48個，現在我們常說的國際音標也是48個。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AESAdWCuQoQUiuxmQkVcGNVXnbe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"可以點擊下面鏈接學習音標。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"E20kdWCCso4ykCx45GjcqgWynqa"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《【48個英語音標示范讀音-嗶哩嗶哩】 ","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://b23.tv/mt9vVaK"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://b23.tv/mt9vVaK","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AqckdkO2SoWKyoxQJlCcXjKcn4f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"元音部分","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MsOsda4UyoA0yUx4xP6czKClnJg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":345,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"元音部分","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a663fdb6f1284e47acca44c09060b0a2","width":694},"text":"","id":"AEKudCk2So0cmMxCAIeceBvxnjf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"輔音部分","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KisEdmSmgogIwoxC4ZMcG3QknLe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":601,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"輔音部分","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7467dcbf994549a5a6381df079b4301f","width":561},"text":"","id":"PAIEdU6suogWcexSCXRc664TnUf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"音標的分類","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YouadwUQwosyeyxasemc2PIHnjb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"最實用的分類方式是：元音=長元音+短元音+雙元音；輔音=清輔音+濁輔音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IwWMdM0y4okSc6xUXz8cZOKMnWg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"英語一共有48個國際音標，包括20個元音，28個輔音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZEYEdomcAoIWSIx0gs6ctJvEnHg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"20個元音包括5個長元音：/i:/、/?:/、/u:/、/a:/、/?:/；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TOEMdsCmEo8wmuxy9sgchI0Dncu"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7個短元音：[i]?[?]?[?]?[u]?[?]?[e]?[?]；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JSgsdwwsWoc2i8xcLMycBbyfnae"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8個雙元音：/e?、/a?/、/??/、/??/、/e?/、/??/、/??/、/a?/；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FEqydSEaYoYgAExG0OJcpQCinVe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QgMudGYi4ooOcUxmocWcCoCEn1I"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、長元音顧名思義就是發的音比較長而飽滿；短元音則發的音比較短而急；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CUm2dg0ayooas8xw7mKc1LHmnHb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、雙元音就是兩個單元音拼在一起，成為組合音。雙元音發音的特點是前面的單元音發音長，后面的發音比較短。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"L6kydWcCEosSoGx4YDdcStKNnRb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"28個輔音包括：輕輔音/p/ /t/ /k/ /f/ /θ/ /s/ /?/ /ts/ /t?/ /tr/ /h/","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AIKwdykA4ogsCMxghM8cwNI2ndd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"濁輔音 /b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ /e/ /z/ /?/ /dz/ /d?/ /dr/ /r/","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EKwedeuCIoQOQOxsPGjcKnRinVe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"鼻音 /m/ /n/ /?/","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NsCOdg4ACo2C8cxYDOvc9jprnMe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"半元音 /j/ /w/","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YgEed6IysogkMcxCm9rcZCI9nMc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"邊音 /?/","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UkYUdw6iMoqSiqxwvFGcq3HTnTb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":551,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"音標的分類","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6872a8bb79f14f40989a6ed6bc41be7a","width":720},"text":"","id":"C4qGduOAkoiWuQx0ixicZGvqnPh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"發音技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VYc4dsOwco02wAxAp27chauenkc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"長元音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MI8CdGMgmoi24ox6Isuc2rBwnSg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"點擊這個視頻學習長元音發音。《【元音音標（長元音）-嗶哩嗶哩】 ","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://b23.tv/xz9mOz3"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://b23.tv/xz9mOz3","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AmiUdgiYaoo2m8xCLThcfQzVnob"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5個長元音/i:/、/?:/、/u:/、/a:/、/?:/發音技巧。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FKwydmY08oE4Esxsthgc7bG6ngf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（1）/i:/發音技巧：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JICedKKGioa2S6xOb2IcdXk7n31"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"發音時舌尖抵下齒，口形扁平。在發音的時候要盡量拉長，就像古人喝醉酒以后吟詩的感覺。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PuU6dGQ4goEwuyx0SHAcyATXnRh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"單詞舉例：bee [bi?] n. 蜜蜂；see [si?] v. 看見，參看","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HoymdmuGiocUiExgVgicDvQJn2b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":306,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"長元音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/11401e7cc5bc444dbe441c1675fed41f","width":451},"text":"","id":"Jwu8dI462oaeoYx2YiTciWTqnvE"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（2）/?:/發音技巧：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ts2qdA6SgoseSMxKkuqcBll6nug"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"/?:/是長元音，近似于北京腔的“兒”話音，如“花兒”的“兒”。發好這個音，關鍵在于卷舌！","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OYYudyQECoAUWCxAXCXcpSQNnwb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"單詞舉例：shirt [??:t] n. 襯衫,男士襯衫；nurse [n?:s] n. 護士,保姆","id":""}],"text":"","id":"COSGdekU0o4gUuxMXnMcC6pCn2c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":377,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"長元音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/623ec09f755c4250bf94380ee9544915","width":562},"text":"","id":"FCiYdGaciomUW2xG0SicnSgFnLd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（3）/u:/發音技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PWOIdEuS2o0WmaxWew6cVNb0nEf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"發這個音時雙唇用力向前突出，有點像拉長了音說“烏”，但要注意，“烏”的口形較扁。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KGkEdI2kMos20Ox2r4qcCFyXnnc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"單詞舉例：moon [mu:n] n. 月球,月亮；room [ru?m] n. 房間,空間","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Esasd8QoioyssQxkPtKc5kBmnJc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":301,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"長元音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fe82dde826ae4239afa4b48ffe8b0c42","width":453},"text":"","id":"RKWId4Ca4og0QexmwWYcZ2TOnAg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（4）/a:/發音技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TAmEdomGco0mmmxMBcic5uLqnaf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"發音時口張大，雙唇稍收圓。發音時可以照著鏡子，說“啊”，看看嘴巴張得夠不夠大，記得要將嘴巴盡量張大。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TSYadWSEcooYEQxIUAjct9vnnFJ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"單詞舉例：ask [a:sk] v. 問,詢問； far [fa:r] adj. 遠的","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YAQsdCAoGosGOqxQt5octrTLnYc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":273,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"長元音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/025ef979d9624dbc88706798e493e87b","width":454},"text":"","id":"JsAodyMG4oaAWUx0eNaclgPRnU7"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（5）/?:/發音技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VyMWdKGuYouWEGxCWxVch2RmnXg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"發這個音時，雙唇稍稍收圓，并向前突出，發音接近于漢語“嗷”。這是個長元音，記住：長元音一定要拉長，發出來才好聽。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MgM2dcYGCo46QcxQbwMc94Nynih"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"單詞舉例：door [d?:r] n. 門； short [??:t] adj. 短的","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LgscdccICoGgwaxKaJWc1SyKnIh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":276,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"長元音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d7a38edc116f4856b5a9593f720e724d","width":450},"text":"","id":"Ho4YdSGgcoUyQqxmgKhctGE7nkd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"短元音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"G0wOd0uowoAm6exEjRdcgKeDnJd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"點擊這個視頻學習短元音發音。《【【英語音標7個短元音/?/ /?/ /?/ /?/ /?/ /e/ /?/怎么讀？】-嗶哩嗶哩】 ","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://b23.tv/fo9Bd5E"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://b23.tv/fo9Bd5E","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WUQIdyWAoo6YMexciCLc5g4mnfx"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7個短元音：/i/、/?/、?/?/、/u/、/?/、/e/、/?/","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JQe8de0WgoW4WIxIf6EcSf5Jn8g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（1）/i/發音技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OeiSdAac6oeg4QxICt4cMrZ1ngb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"它是個短元音，發音要短促而輕快。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KyOcdmKcYo2yg0xc9CLchnc0nFg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"單詞舉例：big [b?ɡ] adj. 大的,龐大的；Fit [fit] v. 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/g/分別諧音“可”、“嗝”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DQQedqwyMooIEkxIKJIcVruHnlb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"發音方法：發音時舌后部隆起緊貼軟顎，憋住氣，然后突然分開，氣流送出口腔，形成爆破音。/k/是清輔音，聲帶不要振動；/g/是濁輔音，聲帶需要振動。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CiO0dy8SCoiem2xKge6ccUbyn7e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"單詞舉例：/k/ ：kite [kait] n. 風箏；cake [ke?k] n. 蛋糕","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FUQodyeyyoWuQAx2JGYcZNT1nqd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"/g/： glove [ɡl?v] n. 手套；girl [ɡ?:l] n. 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/v/","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DySedIAYgoKsywxoVI4cNSDinKe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"/f/諧音“府”，/v/就是北方人把W讀成V那種感覺。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ISoKdAUgYoGIyExI5y6cPFHfnPh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"發音方法：發音前，上齒咬住下嘴唇，然后使氣流由唇齒間的縫隙中通過，從而引起摩擦。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RM62de2eqoAkcixAxO3c7o2nn2b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"/f/是清輔音，發音時聲帶不震動；/v/是濁輔音，發音時聲帶振動。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AGkSdk02UoUYoqx87ogcwnwpnPf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"單詞舉例：/f/：flower ['fla??r] n. 花；fly [flai] vi.飛, 飛行","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DmI8dMaAyocKYixCAJOcvEDznmb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"/v/：love [l?v] v. 愛；seven [?sev?n] num. 七","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CaQOdgSIQogyCOxO4sGcBbGqnkg"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":307,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"輔音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8ce3c52756514e448ddc1d518e55ecdf","width":450},"text":"","id":"Pam6duQkAoyQ6Oxq6dwcgin7nTe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":307,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"輔音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0d517eafc9904db59404a654d6aabfd9","width":499},"text":"","id":"A6ugd446kocAo6xgNYQcDw1hnId"}],"text":"","id":"XICgdYG6eowkcoxiK6zcQDIVn3f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(5)/θ/ /e/ 牙齒輕咬舌尖發出的音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XICgdYG6eowkcoxiK6zcQDIVn3f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"發音方法：發音時，舌尖微微伸出，置于上下門齒之間，舌尖和下齒之間的氣流通道非常窄小，氣流從舌齒間的窄縫中通過。/θ/是清輔音，發音時聲帶不振動；/e/是濁輔音，發音時聲帶振動。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XmG0de0CookKwKxgJVJctctcnbc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"單詞舉例：/θ/：three [θri:] num. 三； throw [θr??] vi. 投擲","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BQUadqEywoMcs2xEtzIc5zkmnfb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"/e/：this [e?s] pron. 這,這個，這里； mother [?m?e?(r)] n. 母親","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NGMedc0I2oEIOEx6qDWc6Ca4nwg"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":430,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"輔音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/50168da9a42b477395fa447a59aadf00","width":640},"text":"","id":"TS0MdAOiIoWak2x4Fr2cXJLRneg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":250,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"輔音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fe852c5bda9443b4b98bcb1ed73950ab","width":456},"text":"","id":"Y6o6dYI68oOO4ixYzmUcUdwlnHg"}],"text":"","id":"MCEgdOoEkoUE2qxAtnfcviE7nSg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(6)/s/ 諧音“絲”，/z/“zi”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MCEgdOoEkoUE2qxAtnfcviE7nSg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"發音方法：發音時舌端靠近齒齦，氣流由舌端齒齦間送出。/s/是清輔音，聲帶不振動；/z/是濁浦音，聲帶振動。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MiYMdEsIcom0uoxgfRFcbXodnAg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"單詞舉例：/s/：school [sku:l] n. 學校，學院；bus [b?s] n. 公共汽車","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WO6kd6cMWoAM02xGkWKc7Bunnnc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"/z/：please [pli:z] int.請；zoo [zu:] n.動物園","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IgmKdaGiooyg8ExgVM2cEGJAnoh"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":271,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"輔音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9a735a6fd556430899e72f213603429c","width":453},"text":"","id":"IYIEdaM6co0Mo6xsd9CcEcfGnrf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":217,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"輔音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cbd3bbe2132a47e09a970ca158685fd7","width":454},"text":"","id":"S6C8duMs0omqiKxkfZncVmJSnIb"}],"text":"","id":"RKu4dWEeIo4Og6xqiP7cXVdwnKb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(7)/ts/ /dz/分別諧音“次”、“自”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RKu4dWEeIo4Og6xqiP7cXVdwnKb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"發音方法：舌端先貼住上齒齦，堵住氣流，氣流送出口腔。/ts/是清輔音，聲帶不振動，/dz/是濁輔音，聲帶振動。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Wu2AdkuSioKeekxGWiWcUNN1nFf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"單詞舉例：/ts/：cats [k?ts] n. 貓( cat的名詞復數 )；hats [h?ts] n. 帽子( hat的名詞復數 ) ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DOksdQsWUoKGA2xETz0chmFantf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"/dz/：hands [h?ndz] n.手；lands [l?ndz] n.陸地","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CMmSdKgc0oK828xcVxeci6yGnOg"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":289,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"輔音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8fdc13488fbc4d59a98f9f0713aefe7c","width":450},"text":"","id":"P8KydWaQYo8qWUxQppkc4qdhngb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":276,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"輔音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7c7a93711b0e46cc83a527c60d527179","width":451},"text":"","id":"PkmQd6QMeoIcCIxoQSfcvdqVnmb"}],"text":"","id":"Ng8qda44kouo0UxWAN2cpPcpnkb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(8)/tr/ /dr/分別諧音“戳”、“捉”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ng8qda44kouo0UxWAN2cpPcpnkb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"發音方法：舌尖貼齒齦后部，氣流沖破阻礙發出短促的/t/后立即發/r/。/tr/是清輔音，聲帶不振動；/dr/是濁輔音，聲帶振動。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GSKsdMQi0o82OexWotqcSV0KnVc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"單詞舉例：/tr/ : tree [tri:] n. 樹，木料；try [tra?] vt.\u0026 vi. 試圖 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GGkKdsqAqo0C8WxqIJucE48Anzb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"/dr/：dress [dres] n.連衣裙；drink [dr??k] v.喝酒","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HcYWdO6moomiWCxi6X3c322tnUe"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":306,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"輔音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8cd7b6ea3573404d915c2b39fdd668ad","width":454},"text":"","id":"Vg4UdMsoWosWm6xmPRjcCCNMnyQ"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":296,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"輔音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/700de1de8f2b402893d73b6fd25b5342","width":452},"text":"","id":"OsM4dSIkIouswGxiw7LcHHrMnjb"}],"text":"","id":"JSaEd8UAsoau4axA33tcPSTUnLe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(9)/∫/ /?/分別諧音“詩”、“日”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JSaEd8UAsoau4axA33tcPSTUnLe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"發音方法：/∫/是清輔音，聲帶不振動；/?/是濁輔音，聲帶振動。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PKmAda0ceooIAExiq07crsVtnid"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"單詞舉例：/∫/：English [???gl??] adj. 英格蘭的； 英國的；rubbish [?r?b??] n. 垃圾；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FGIidicIkoCGCKxKo0PcQBYlnhd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"/?/：pleasure [?ple??] n.快樂，愉快；casual [?k??u?l] adj意外的，偶然的","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MwwIdAKiooqy2Cxak94c5PDbnGg"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":285,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"輔音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8f332b0d40c74d34ae86cb1fa3ca05e7","width":454},"text":"","id":"DwsYdMccsog0iYxISsfcHUVinNH"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":228,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"輔音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f540e592612a4386a861f7ad67e4073c","width":453},"text":"","id":"ISiYdkQoGoGQe0xKa7JcQsU3n3d"}],"text":"","id":"SMc2d28g4oE0muxS4CIcteUNn3b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（10）/t∫/ /d?/分別諧音“吃”、“之”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SMc2d28g4oE0muxS4CIcteUNn3b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"發音方法：發音時舌身抬高，舌端抵上齒齦后部，氣流通過時發出破擦音。/t∫/是清輔音，聲帶不振動；/d?/是濁輔音，聲帶振動。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"U0gWdO4iMoCAaoxYfM3cC5m6n7b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"單詞舉例：/t∫/： chalk [t??:k] n. 粉筆；chair [t?e?r] n. 椅子","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NK0ydWy0SoseSyxGoJMcJWW5nLd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"/d?/：page [pe?d?] n.頁 ；age [e?d?] 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/r/分別諧音“呵”、“若”，省去韻母成分。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"E0eYdWCA2oa2Q8xADQhcjsCsnVh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"發音方法：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"M04md204koiKaQxcjQPccMzznXf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"發/h/這個音時，嘴半開，氣流從口腔不受阻礙而出，聲帶不振動，清輔音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"K6Kidis8moccGAxjkUjcGKHMncS"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"發/r/這個音時，舌端上卷，靠近上齒齦附近，嘴唇張開并保持略圓狀態，氣流從口腔涌出，聲帶振動，屬于濁輔音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Skk8dmsmoog2KwxWIvucX2Yvnyh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"單詞舉例: /h/： hair [he?(r)] n.頭發；hate [he?t] v.恨，厭惡","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FeIKdecMEoOEEsxC2MDcxzKenug"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"/r/： sorry ['s?r?] v.對不起 ；write [ra?t] v.寫","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AmKEdA6O2oMuaCxQ3hLc0Vauneh"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":285,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"輔音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ae68233a2f1f4e0bae1ada1aafa601b2","width":455},"text":"","id":"B2IgdUQ0AoYG6wxYVJccq7VMnag"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":690,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"輔音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b5bc0da8fe7f4de1b056a6e261a0535d","width":1024},"text":"","id":"FoGadAwoIoQ8iux6WegcTMzCnlb"}],"text":"","id":"Tgm6dmyKQoWAASxyMtHcwHwxnwf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"鼻音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Tgm6dmyKQoWAASxyMtHcwHwxnwf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"點擊這個視頻學習鼻音發音。《【（21）鼻音 m n ? | 英語音標發音口型示范 | 美式發音-嗶哩嗶哩】 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n.時間","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NGuudoKUeogKgKxS8ZUcakUsnYg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":275,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"鼻音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f85c67957ccc46bdaa291f21c4945bbf","width":453},"text":"","id":"JSAAdM6wSo6uSUxQzE5cb42LnQd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)/n/諧音“呢”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MsCId8QaAou0OwxCavicqQUSnLh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"發音方法：舌尖頂住上齒齦，形成阻礙，氣流從鼻腔發出，同時聲帶震動，開口音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"E2GAdKKSGoCuWIxQdrXctfW6nvh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"單詞舉例：nice [na?c] adj.漂亮的；funny [?f?ni] adj.有趣的","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MysCdSuOeoeK8ixaugKcDN72nUf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":302,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"鼻音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cf6bbf9b230c4ba385b68bf46687dc48","width":449},"text":"","id":"IKM0duY8Go6u4CxkBlucRm0XnPh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)/?/諧音“英”，省去聲母部分","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WcoodGMkwoI2YGxIP4ucIJsAnRC"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"發音方法：發音時氣流從鼻腔涌出，聲帶振動。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UWcSd6OUCoq0a8xAV9sc88PznPg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"單詞舉例： think [θ??k] v.想；angel [?e?nd?l] n.天使","id":""}],"text":"","id":"I6YIdO2o0o8w2Ax5e5RcRshSnn9"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":281,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"鼻音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9be0385b2e8b48298d7c1f70fbddcfcd","width":453},"text":"","id":"Ng62d6MoOo82sUx6k4VcQMB9nYf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"邊音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HuSIdwyEkoMIqCxotU0cFfxbnNb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"點擊這個視頻學習邊音發音。《【真正的國際音標-邊音 Lateral-嗶哩嗶哩】 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n.球","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CuIodIW6goAcIExgblmcWFXXnah"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":260,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"邊音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c8a9eb0ff3c3438e80e649b07a85be15","width":456},"text":"","id":"MoWedis4SokU8cxGSwecIsV7nTh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"半元音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FOUWdOmoioWWUOxSKvHcytrEnig"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"點擊這個視頻學習半元音發音。《【BBC英語 其他輔音 半元音'w'的發音 與'v'的區別 國際音標發音｜Pronunciation Tips 34 - Other Consonant-嗶哩嗶哩】 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【","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://b23.tv/sHYQFZ3"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://b23.tv/sHYQFZ3","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"】》、《【李詠梅老師英語（音標部分）——最牛的初中英語老師！沒有之一！李詠梅國際音標 （完整版發音篇）-嗶哩嗶哩】 ","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://b23.tv/U1pmjNE"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://b23.tv/U1pmjNE","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"》、《【純正英式發音】這是BBC出品的到現在為止最棒的英語發音教程（完整版）-嗶哩嗶哩】 ","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://b23.tv/gZzDKl5"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://b23.tv/gZzDKl5","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"》，以上幾個視頻都非常不錯，詳細講解每個音標的讀法。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"注意視頻一定至少跟讀5遍，才能確保你的學習效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KS4ydK4S6oiIQmxu0vncRSQHnMd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"也可以通過下面這個視頻觀察發音口型的變化。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IuCAd8Eeao4kYCxCirecwybinKd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《【48個英語音標示范讀音-嗶哩嗶哩】 ","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://b23.tv/mt9vVaK"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://b23.tv/mt9vVaK","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CMmAd4gewoQWIUxKQ07cNUeEnPb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、模仿練習，學習國際音標的發音，要注意觀察老師的口型，觀察發音部位的變化，主動模仿發音，初學可以對著鏡子模仿練習，特別是元音發音的舌位高低，口腔開口度大小與音色關系十分密切，可以通過鏡子觀察口型上的區別，觀察舌尖、舌面、舌葉的活動情況，比如u和o、i和e、e和ε等等，掌握準確口腔開口度，對于準確發音具有非常重要的意義。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XcymdwOWCo6CIGxa2tecRpqyncd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、聽音訓練:學習國際音標需要認識48個音標，通過反反復復的聽力練習，達到強化記憶。聽音訓練，如果有條件，可以多聽老師朗讀音標，也可以使用錄音帶反復聽音，本課件中的每個音素，都可以循環傾聽，強化記憶。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"N242dAYGAoY4MIxCel4c7gT7nOd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、多動口，動口是加強實踐的關鍵和核心，聽音也好，模仿也好，比較也好，最終要歸結到自己發音這一目標上來，所以勤動口是掌握國際音標發音的關鍵。俗話說，\"三天不寫手生，三天不念口生\"，說的就是要加強動手動口能力的培養。因此學習國際音標，要時時加強語音訓練，勤動口，反復實踐練習，在實踐中比較，在實踐中體會差別，做到熟能生巧，這樣自然就掌握國際音標的發音了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"C8AGdQweWo6Eq4xwZQpcAzqTnGg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"重點音標講解","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NYgkdUaewoSIquxc48NcmqD7nQy"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"單元音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YW4wdUskoocOAwxuatBcuFsWn1d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[i:] 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[?r]=“二”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TSo6dKsSWo2GYcxZjETc9G1GnDG"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[?]=額（不卷舌）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HMsmdKmyKoAssoxAzOdc7OWnntg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":169,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"單元音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/23669fa681c94516b68dbd7dfbeacb30","width":287},"text":"","id":"Fo6QduWAwokykix49KRcfCJmnof"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[?]：開口比“啊”略小","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BGsmdsW6woUimYxOwpucaftfnNc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[ɑ:r]=卷舌的“啊”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"T4q6dQqcMo8UY4x6uROcurTungg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Yc4mdmGSQow40gxqCAGcOvvinBd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":158,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"單元音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4a325dcff9bf444c93f02a661b7eb1dc","width":288},"text":"","id":"YI2udUmcEoUO2axUffDc55c0n5b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[ɑ] 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=開口稍大的“哦”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BY4wdeQqqoy6C6xqo3wc8LQdnVh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[?:r]=卷舌的“哦”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VieGd4caOoI2eIxKk63cHfKcnEh"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":110,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"單元音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/47f4542a00f04f7aae6be6656657cf8c","width":114},"text":"","id":"IE8cdeAC4oMySuxgcAocFfSanZ3"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":110,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"單元音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/710b04be027845d7be2106e9bbeb33a3","width":104},"text":"","id":"XmK2diS0YoCssGx8z5CcCyTSnad"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":110,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"單元音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/710b04be027845d7be2106e9bbeb33a3","width":104},"text":"","id":"XmK2diS0YoCssGx8z5CcCyTSnad"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":110,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"單元音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/89ec169b38a04ab99190b396206e9400","width":98},"text":"","id":"UyMSdui2WoASQExMfVZcTvLqnrd"}],"text":"","id":"T8sYd4Wu8oaAOIxMxS7cIc9snLb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[u:]核心：雙唇由半開微突，過渡到合嘴圓唇","id":""}],"text":"","id":"T8sYd4Wu8oaAOIxMxS7cIc9snLb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[?] 發成噘嘴的[?],氣流向外。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"C4EUdoaeCoGgg2xA94WcKc7XnVg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"雙元音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RGS8duyAEoSGqgxas3DcrumNnog"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"雙元音較簡單，大多數可進行類比，注意雙元音的重音在第一個音標，即前一個音讀的稍重，后一個音讀的較輕。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ww4IdocgUoaaeAxYJjwcra66neh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[e?]=“A”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TciidSSSmoKY6MxOmfycHajin1A"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[a?]=“I”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QyWEdEi4eo0WC4xYBXWcKXKJn3g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[??]=“O”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OaqodkkAWoIIwixUvLJciK9Dnbg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[??]=“哦一”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EIkGdeWMMoCgCKxujKucWEgXnl7"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[??]=ear","id":""}],"text":"","id":"E6Wedoq6Go4KQKx0OLvcGKWAnNe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[e?]=air","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WKsUdcKGSouW0exAVi9cPsZcnWb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[??]=“烏爾”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JMWSdYuUAo84WexU5RncsFdWnYe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"輔音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"I6SAdQWcYoe2WexqIZ7cCguWnbd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"大部分輔音跟“漢語拼音”都有相似之處，直接看視頻模仿即可，這里只講解易錯發音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WOS4dUWgKoegoQxoBW1c0scNnCh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"爆破音：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AGwkdoY06oeKEExaYJdcMIPWnyc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[t] [p] [k] 不要讀成[t?] [p?] [k?] 注意：它們聲帶不震動","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LqIEdUkemo8g6Gx2j13czIRNn4e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"摩擦音：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JAkqdWaUkoe4oQx6CBicKu6JnIf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[f][v] 咬唇音，注意上齒咬下唇","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UMwCdEUkWoQ6uQxwJcscTdTUnrd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":146,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"輔音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2ad2d1355a204bcbae724b0dc07ceb1b","width":248},"text":"","id":"QugUdOeOOoC8yAxzSjzcPmdenp5"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[θ][e]","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BoGUd4UcUoS2eSxig5ac7Oh0nPf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"上下齒輕咬舌頭，發音時能看到你的舌頭露出","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YesIdOoy4oEWmax6YWXcvXUSn1g"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":125,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"輔音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fb45b894066748d99889cbe3cbcf925d","width":239},"text":"","id":"XM0idmGoWosKc0xkOwdckSZZnUx"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[?]=不發音的“詩” [?]= “日”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BC0IdUyW4oiyGqxMzvxcAjzpnIg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":144,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"輔音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c8f6dc95aeda44ba960be5c6b0ae01ba","width":278},"text":"","id":"DSW8dw0eQoyYAIx87UScLiJbnvh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[r]=撅嘴＋卷舌的“熱” [h]=不發音＋舌頭平放的“喝”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HMsYdguS0osqikxYJjncCMxjnie"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"鼻音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QYkOdgowEo6mSExYBRPc5wiznOc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[m] 合嘴","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LeSWdaaQkouGaMxKWxWcL08ense"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[n] 舌前部抵住上顎","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XmKIdKGsiooa6ix6RbecaOExnUd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[?] 嘴巴張開","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Xcusd4giYokcyGxKw8JccJM3nxd"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":114,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"鼻音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6809d9fd4d604c999772a6441dca8739","width":157},"text":"","id":"HEw2dqIAYoysEoxiySQcHndjnud"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":114,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"鼻音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6fa595b78ba94c89aadb1b2da94aaa69","width":157},"text":"","id":"CiAOdC6iooIYUEx0Yq6cvTGhnGd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":114,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"鼻音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6fa595b78ba94c89aadb1b2da94aaa69","width":157},"text":"","id":"CiAOdC6iooIYUEx0Yq6cvTGhnGd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":114,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"鼻音","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5675b8cf0d67465db9106dd349b765ab","width":165},"text":"","id":"ICYydaeeyosCAQxq6mDcf2cJnvb"}],"text":"","id":"IM4QdgE82oU0wAxkvaac1cYYnPd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"舌側音[l]","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IM4QdgE82oU0wAxkvaac1cYYnPd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"元音前：跟拼音“l”發音一致元音后：發“l”的前半段","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UAW4dyoO6ouEMwxU9DycGSVfnTd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"半元音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VYiUdiuoAoc0SkxJxQ7cKyODnHH"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[j] “也”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MiEYdKWOGoYoCsxaALDcfRxtn7d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[w] =圓唇噘嘴的“我”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Eakqd8i8gomqCCx0C5ScvszAn3c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"破擦音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PWgEdOqSCo2cwaxgnVNcniofnCc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[t?]= 不發聲的“吃”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QUISdIOmYo8CAEx2xyfcxw1EnMg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[d?]= “居”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XGoQdUkewoOKqwxg1NmcNvosncd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[ts]=不發聲的“次”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"P8K6ducAkoeSccxsVFec10Icnve"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[dz]=“子”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"V2CSdAm0ioYYcqxADoecjOXUn5T"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[tr] 先發“t”，在發“r”，最后結合在一起","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PMwOdSKYsoO6yyxKW0vcyzhxnBb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"[dr] 同上","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PqcCdaYuSosyuIx02oycX1iwnQh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"詞匯拼讀","id":""}],"text":"","id":"I0GedsKk0oUgoOxuyXccgX1vnGe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、規劃拼讀任務，拿出單詞書或課本詞匯表，找只含1~2個音節的單詞拼讀，20個為一組，每天練習3組，當然如果有時間，多進行幾組也OK，加強效果。后期難度逐漸加大。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YiK6dkyMqoE6KYxcZFecaO2Onic"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、輸入法識別詞匯，每拼讀一個詞匯，都對著X飛輸入法的語音識別功能朗讀，看能否被輸入法識別出單詞，用機器來檢測是否讀的準確。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"F82MdiS0OoEyEyxk1SicCu6vnaf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、聽詞匯跟讀，不管輸入法識別出單詞，還是沒識別出單詞，都要查手機字典，來聽一遍聽力，并跟讀，模仿語調和輕重讀音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GcOsd4I80oaSsExCYAecvtgonmg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"例如：Cash driver apartment money breakfast lawyer agency ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UAkYd6KyoosOe8xyaEycPumwn0d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"學習計劃","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ig8edugQyogYa8xmCTpcTKcgnRf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、國際音標，一共48個，每天學4個，12天學完，元音和輔音每天各學習兩個。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Kk6IdUSM0omgecxaQbkcSsZsnve"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、學完以后結合和音標相關的單詞，每天堅持讀一個小時，第二天要把第一天的一塊兒讀，第三天要把前兩天的一塊兒讀，依次類推，堅持學完所有的音標，就可以讀字典上任何一個單詞。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QG6sdm2M4o68ouxYDuzcFDxhn9g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、長期堅持下去，會發現其實很多字母和音標有著關聯，比如ph都發音標f的音，字母u發尖a的音，類似的規律，當大家堅持下來以后會發現很多，同時你甚至可以聽到單詞的發音就能把單詞拼出來，直接就把背單詞的問題解決了，音標會讀，單詞會讀，單詞會背，聽力當然也不再是問題。自己總結出來的規律說明真的學會了，同時自己得出來的結論要比老師直接告訴你印象更深刻，同時最重要的是用起來更容易。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Km8odoYG4omMG2xQjwvctwuOn8e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意事項","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XS6WduK8gocSyQxwpyYc32mDnId"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、了解發音要領，模仿老師口型","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QaWwde6UQoWyyox8b3Yc0PnGngd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"學習語音，一定要注意口型，并仔細揣摩每個音標的發音要領，特別是相似音標的發音區別。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Jii2diISEoMkQixoveicLaPdn7b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"零基礎學員不要以為盯著老師的口型就好了，其實發音很多都是內部器官看不到的， 所以需要老師正確的發音示范，跟著老師一起讀，然后再加上老師給的一些技巧，繼續跟讀，老師感覺哪有問題，再幫著糾正，這樣一系列過程才是練成標準發音的秘籍。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Pow0deEogocwqexqKJOchO9Qnbc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、 單詞拼讀實戰，一對一糾正錯誤","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KqAmdu0E4oWkkExaukOcf14rnHf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"養成一口純正口語最重要的還是練習練習再練習，單詞拼讀實戰訓練，鞏固你的發音。不斷讀，不斷糾正，訓練單個音標到訓練多個單詞，在學習語音的過程中，再掌握一些基礎的詞匯。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"B0cyd2a4kowyACxM4E2cCki4nsi"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、辯音練習，糾正錯誤，掌握發音規律","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AQWQdmkKmoYcqyxsrTAcvvH8nhy"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"訓練難度會隨著課程的深入不斷加強，但還是訓練相同的內容，一節課很多類似的訓練內容。音標中很多類似的發音，將相似音放在一起對比再練習，舌頭和耳朵在這很重要。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LyKYdA4oIoQC8exa2vjcYOc1nle"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"G4aGdqMEMoO2AGxkzAkcWRvAnHd"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E

那為什么人們不參考它的功能開發一門新語言而是一直對它修改呢？

不是有TypeScript嗎？

老實說，JavaScript確實有很多問題，包括內存泄漏問題，他都美名曰閉包了。

所以你會發現，使用JavaScript，可以寫出很奇葩的功能，你也會發現，腳本語言的代碼居然可以寫的這么難讀。

說下JavaScript誕生史

1995年4月，網景公司招聘了Brendan Eich

面試時是這樣的（非真實場景）

網景面試官：Hi，聽說你最喜歡函數式編程。

Eich：超愛的，別看Java面向對象現在火的很，那就是坨XX。

網景面試官：嗯，我們正好要找個程序員，和Scheme打交道，就你了。

一個月后是這樣的（非真實場景）

網景：Hi，Eich

Eich：Hi，Boss

網景：聽說你是大神，最近Java很火，聽說面向對象很好，你寫個類似的面向對象的語言，在網景瀏覽器上用吧

Eich：啥？聽說都是不準的

網景：你是說你不是大神？

Eich：我不是說這個

網景：那就這么定了

Eich：（心中萬XX馬奔騰）

Eich心中的不滿程度，不亞于讀計算機專業出來做編程工作的你被親戚叫去幫忙修理洗衣機。

10天后，JavaScript誕生，是的，Eich只用了10天，創造了一個面向對象的語言，然后里面最基礎的是函數……什么情況？是的，你說它是面向對象，他可以繼承，但是用原型的方法來繼承，一條長長的prototype鏈，最終又指向了Fuction……

Eich應該只是為了完成任務而已，我想他一定很討厭這個兒子。

競爭者

但是網景在瀏覽器上使用上JavaScript后，一炮而紅，紅過Java。就這樣，一個爹不疼娘不愛的孩子，卻是社會上人人喜歡的小明星，你說這是不是很諷刺。

然后微軟來了，抄襲JavaScript，弄了一個JScript，是的，其實你的問題很早以前已經有了，很多瀏覽器廠商已經參考JavaScript，開發了一堆自己的瀏覽器腳本語言，所以當時的網頁經常是在這個瀏覽器可以運行的很絢，在另一個瀏覽器就掛了。

標準制定者

慢慢的，ECMA國際看不下去了，制定了ECMAScript標準，然后和瀏覽器廠商說，你們得按我這個標準來開發腳本語言，不準備亂加規則，亂定標準。

所以題主說的JavaScript應該是按ECMAScript5的標準的。目前最流行的標準是ECMS6標準，這個標準的語言，統稱為ES6，里面看起來就比較正常了，有模塊，有類等，當然，最新的標準是ECMS2019。

如果按最新的標準來開發的話，妥妥一個高大上的語言，當然，現在微軟和Google也出了自己的語言來代替，比如微軟出的TypeScript，你可以理解為它是ES6的超集，很多開發者是直接用TypeScript來進行開發的，語法和C#差不多。

歷史問題

但是由于歷史問題，我們必須把最新標準或用TypeScript開發的程序，編譯成ES5標準，在瀏覽器上運行，這主要問題在于IE，當然，這是另一個傳說了。

就像是Android系統這么爛，Google為啥不直接替換了？因為有個歷史原因。JavaScript也是一樣，歷史總是讓人不斷的蛋疼。

總結人們沒有改javascript，只是瀏覽器標準在不斷的定制，瀏覽器廠商需要去匹配瀏覽器標準已經有語言替換了，比如微軟公司的TypeScript，開發可以完全用它來開發，不過最終還是得編譯成瀏覽器標準語言ECMA也會從TypeScript中吸取優質內容，做為標準

以上就是關于iis6 php安裝教程以及如何學編程的相關回答，有更多疑問可以加微。