普通美國人的詞匯量是多少?
【導讀】最近蛋老師在研究單詞及背單詞的方法。在網上遇到一個很有趣的問題,就是:一般美國人有多少詞匯量?或許你也很好奇。咱們一般中國成年人熟悉3000+中文詞匯,基本可以做到識讀不困難。但是美國人他們的詞匯量到底有多少呢?
首先,咱們大約估摸一下他們的詞匯量。我在美國研究生考試中,需要考一門GRE,GRE詞匯量基本在萬把來個,肯定要比雅思托福來得多。具體多少不清楚。
新東方網站上查到的信息是1.8萬個,1萬個核心詞匯。所以應該就是1-2萬之間。
根據網站realsimple,作者LIZ STEELMAN 告訴我們他們的詞匯量到底有多大。
In the past, linguists and researchers didn’t have the tools to gauge how many words the average person knows. But, thanks to Twitter, Facebook, and a nation of online quiz-takers, we might finally have an answer. According to a new study from Ghent University in Belgium, the average native English-speaking American will know around 42,000 words by the time they are 20 years old. By 60, they will know around 48,000 words.
在過去,語言學家和研究員沒有工具去衡量普通人到底知道多少單詞。但是,多虧了twitter,facebook和很多線上做題人,我們可能最終有了答案。根據比利時根特大學的一項新研究,一般母語為英語的美國人在20歲時,會知道大約4萬2千的單詞。在60歲時,他們會知道大約4萬8千個單詞。(遠比,蛋老師想象得要多很多額。嚇尿!!)
The study, published in Frontiers in Psychology, uses data from a viral quiz taken by almost one million people across platforms. According to a release from the sponsoring university, the amount of participants and collected data makes this the largest study of its kind ever attempted.
這個研究發表在《心理學前沿》Frontiers in Psychology上,使用了來自在不同平臺上100萬網友的數據,而這些數據是他們做病毒性小測試得來的。根據發起研究的大學的消息,參與者的數量和收集到的數據使這個研究成為同類中做過的最大型的研究。
* Frontiers is a Swiss academic publisher of peer-reviewed, open-access journals currently active in the STM (science, technology and medicine) fields. Frontiers是瑞士的學術刊物。心理學頂尖期刊。
還有一個問題:這里的“單詞”包括什么呢?包括詞組、派生詞嗎?
How many words do you know? As Bill Clinton might say, it depends on how you define the word “word.” A new study suggests that—if you’re excluding proper nouns, multiword phrases (like “kick the bucket”), and derived words (like “helplessly,” from “help”)—the typical English-speaking American knows about 42,000 of these so-called “lemmas” by the age of 20, UPI reports.
你知道多少個單詞?就如比爾·克林頓(美國前總統)可能會說,這取決你如何定義這個單詞“word”。有一項新的研究表明——如果你排除掉專有名詞,詞組(如kick the bucket)和派生詞(如helplessly是從help衍生出來的)——典型的母語為英語的美國人20歲大約知道4萬2千個這些所謂的“lemmas”,合眾國際社(United Press International)報道稱。
The study, published this week in Frontiers in Psychology, asked more than 220,000 people to review a list of 100 words—some real and some made up—to decide which were actual entries in the dictionary. High scorers—those in the top 5%—knew an average of 52,000 lemmas, whereas low scorers—those in the bottom 5%—knew an average of 27,000. If you want to see where you fall on that scale, you can take the online test here.
這個研究在本周發表在《心理學前沿》Frontiers in Psychology,會讓22萬+人看100個詞匯列表,有些是真的,有些是假的,來決定哪些是詞典里的真正詞條。5%的高分獲得者,平均知道5萬2千個lemmas,而5%的低分獲得者平均知道2萬7千個。如果你想知道你在什么水平,你可以在這兒做線上測試。
【蛋蛋結論】一般美國人的詞匯量在2萬-5萬之間,所以達到2萬是個門檻吧。基本考個GRE考試,就過了這個門檻,當然這只限于閱讀詞匯量(看到知道意思)。