如何學下象棋？

象棋是中國傳統棋類益智游戲，有著悠久的歷史。象棋屬于二人對抗性游戲的一種，不僅用具簡單，趣味性強，而且還能鍛煉人的記憶，培養全局意識以及正確的競爭觀念，所以學習下象棋是一個非常不錯的選擇，那么如何學下象棋呢？

認識象棋

學下象棋，第一步肯定是要了解象棋的組成和規則，這是學下象棋的基礎。

象棋組成

棋盤

象棋棋盤橫線縱線形成9*10=90個交點，這90個交點為可落子處。

一盤未開局的棋如下圖所示

棋子

帥（將）：帥（將）是棋中的首腦，是雙方竭力爭奪的目標。它只能在九宮之內活動，可上可下，可左可右，每次走動只能按豎線或橫線走動一格。帥與將不能在同一直線上直接對面，否則走方判負。

仕（士）：仕（士）是將（帥）的貼身保鏢，它也只能在九宮內走動。它的行棋路徑只有九宮內的四條斜線。

相（象）：相（象）的主要作用是防守，保護自己的帥（將）。它的走法是每次循對角線走兩格，俗稱“象飛田”。相（象）的活動范圍限于河界以內的本方陣地，不能過河，且如果它走的田字中央有一個棋子，就不能走，俗稱“塞象眼”。

車：車在象棋中威力最大，無論橫線、豎線均可行走，只要無子阻攔，步數不受限制。因此，一車可以控制十七個點，故有“一車十子寒”之稱。

炮：炮在不吃子的時候，移動與車完全相同。當吃子時，己方和對方的棋子中間必須間隔1個棋子（無論對方或己方棋子），炮是象棋中唯一可以越子的棋種。

馬：馬走動的方法是一直一斜，即先橫著或直著走一格，然后再斜著走一個對角線，俗稱“馬走日”。馬一次可走的選擇點可以達到四周的八個點，故有“八面威風”之說。如果在要去的方向有別的棋子擋住，馬就無法走過去，俗稱“蹩馬腿”。

兵（卒）：兵（卒）在未過河前，只能向前一步步走，過河以后，除不能后退外，允許左右移動，但也只能一次一步，即使這樣，兵（卒）的威力也大大增強，故有“過河的卒子頂半個車”之說。

象棋術語

1、九宮：倆斜線連同周邊方格組成的區域。

2、將軍：一方子力去殺對方將或帥，迫使對方應著。

3、當頭炮：即將任意一炮平至中路，威脅對方九宮。這是一種常見的布局著法。由于將、帥行動限在“九宮”以內，所以當頭炮的控制威力很強，也叫中路炮。

4、屏風馬：兩馬分立于九宮的兩側，形如“屏風”以拱衛京師。

5、單邊馬：一馬守中卒而另一馬跳邊，有左、右單邊馬布局的差別。

6、雙邊馬：倆馬一個跳九路，一個跳一路。

7、士角炮：平炮到九宮上倆點任意一點。

8、仙人指路：先行一方起著挺象肩兵（左右皆可），試探對方的應著，就像“投石問路”一樣。

象棋規則

吃子

1、無論什么棋子，通常只要根據行棋規則能走到的部位有對方的棋子就能吃掉對方的棋子。

2、而唯一列外的是炮的吃棋方法，比較特殊，需要中間隔有旗子（無論是己方的還是對方的棋子）才能吃掉對方的棋子。

將死和困斃

1、一方的棋子攻擊對方的將（帥），并在下一步要把它吃掉，稱為照將，或簡稱將。照將不必聲明。

2、被照將的一方必須立即應將，即用自己的著法去化解被將的狀態（而不能應將不顧，而走其它的棋子）。

3、如果被照將而無法應將，就算被將死（一方勝棋）。

4、輪到走棋的一方，無子可走，就算被困斃（無棋可走這方為輸棋）。

勝負判定

1、一方的一個棋子準備吃掉對方的帥(將)，叫"將軍”(check)，若對方的帥(將)不能逃脫，也 就是說無論如何"將軍”者在下一個回合都能吃掉對方的帥(將)，則為“將死”(checkmate)，吃掉對方帥(將)者判勝利。

2、如果輪到一方走，此時這方并沒有被“將軍”但其走無論任何一個棋子，另一方都能在下一個回合里吃掉他的帥(將)，則也判這方負。

3、如果輪到走棋的一方沒有任何能夠移動的棋子，那么也判這方負。

4、雙方均無能力"將死”對方時，判和。

行棋規則

對局時，由執紅棋的一方先走，雙方輪流各走一著（雙方各走一著，稱為一個回合），直至分出勝、負、和，對局即算終了。

基本殺法

對面笑

對面笑的意思就是說，下棋時，乙方占據了九宮，九宮中有沒有其他的棋子可以掩護，這時候就可以利用將和帥不可以碰面這個原則，來控制中路，再利用車、炮、兵等在對方將/帥所居的肋道上縱向照將而取勝。

雙車挫

“雙車挫”就是利用兩輛車交替“將軍”，知道把對方的將或者帥殺死。“雙車挫”可以早對方的將領沒有其他多余的子或者沒有士象的保護的時候使用，迅猛無比。如果有士保護，則需要其它的配合來破掉士。這種殺法由于雙車要交替將軍，因此雙車不能在一條直線上。

三車鬧士

“雙車挫”的用法，在整個棋局面臨殘局的時候，乙方的兵卒已經成功的進入九宮，這時候如果攻擊對方的中士，又以雙車相配合，其攻擊力量相當于三個車，故名三車鬧士。

海底撈月

在無法攻破對方正面防御時，借助帥(將)對中炮的控制力，把子力運動到底線，在其帥(將)的背后發起攻擊而取勝的方法，稱為“海底撈月”，也叫 “沉底月”、“海底炮”，是車、炮勝單車的殺法。

在車、炮勝單車的殘局中，車炮一方通常要占據中路，再用炮借車力在將(帥)底下將對方守護在肋線的車趕走，而后退車用對面笑殺法做成殺勢。

夾車炮

雙炮和車集中于一側，用車和雙炮交替將軍，其形式與雙車挫殺法相類似。這種殺法比較容易理解，關鍵是有的時候車炮不在—側也可以通過運子構成殺勢。

大膽穿心

又稱大刀剜心，就是車在其他子力的配合(主要是炮對對方象士的牽制)下強行殺對方中士，逼對方用底士去吃車，從而閃露出底線的空當再用其他子作殺。若其不用底士吃車而是拐將，則同樣可將死。

鐵門閂

利用中炮的威力控制中路，再用車封住將門后用其他子配合底線強行將殺。如果對方有一車守底線，攻擊方有兩只重疊的車再加上將(帥)之力，也可破敵，稱為“露將三把手”或“連將三出車”。有時候也用兵來代替車控制將門。

千里照面

利用中炮和雙車的威力，在有底士的一側要殺，再棄車殺底士然后車正面照將成殺。這種殺法要注意的是對方中路是士象可用此殺法，但是如果中路是士和炮就不能采用，因為黑方可獻中炮解殺。

雙車肋士

一方以雙車侵入對方九宮兩肋后，棄車強行構成殺局，在實戰對局中較為常見。

炮輾丹砂

以車炮侵入對方底線，借助車的力量輾轉掃蕩對方的士象或其他子力，從而將死對方，這種殺法稱為炮輾丹砂殺法，俗稱“打剝皮”。

悶殺

一方通過將、要殺或棄子等攻擊手段造成對方子力自堵將(帥)活動空間而一舉將死對方的殺法。利用對方雙士不適當的聯結，自阻將(帥)的活動范圍，用一炮將對方將(帥)殺死在原位，習慣稱為“悶宮”。悶宮可以看作是悶殺的一種特殊形式。

重炮

重炮殺法指—方將雙炮重疊于一條線上，一炮充當炮架，另一炮將軍，或前炮將軍后炮控制，將對方殺死。俗語說：重炮無墊子，就是指這種殺法所具有的威力。

前面所講的夾車炮殺法，雙炮在一條線上也是一種重炮殺法。兩者的區別就在于夾車炮殺法是以車和雙炮交替將軍而把對方殺死，而重炮殺法是把對方將 (帥)固定于一條直線上用雙炮將死。

天地炮

天地炮殺法指攻擊的一方一炮鎮在中路，一炮沉在底線，使對方的防守力量都被牽制住，然后用其他子力配合而將對方將死的殺法。這種攻殺方法以車配合雙炮攻擊最為常見，也是威力最大的殺法之一，包括車到底線、出將再車殺中士這兩種殺法。

雙將

雙將指攻擊的一方把自己的幾個子組合起來，同時從兩個方向照將，從而殺死對方。這種殺法是象棋殺法中比較兇悍的一種，初學者由于對一些殺法或者各子的攻殺能力還理解得不夠深刻，經常一時不防被殺。如果掌握了一些雙殺的基本形勢，就可以防止被雙殺，同時還可以此雙殺對手。

二鬼拍門

二鬼拍門殺法指攻擊的一方使雙兵(卒)侵入對方的九宮后分別鎖住兩條肋道，然后再配合其他子力搏士而獲勝的殺法，也稱二鬼把門。因兵(卒)有小鬼之稱，故而得名。三兵勝士象全最后就是用二鬼拍門的殺法取勝的。這個殺法用的較少。

送佛歸殿

送佛歸殿殺法是指兵(卒)借助其他子力的力量步步將軍，把對方的將(帥)遏回原位而取勝的殺法。有的棋書稱此殺法為“三進兵”，但遠沒有“送佛歸殿”這——名稱形象。

三子歸邊

集中三個不同子力于對方側翼。聯合作戰而將對方殺死，稱為三于歸邊殺法。三子以車、馬、炮三子歸邊比較常見，威力也最大。

馬后炮

馬后炮殺法指攻擊的一方先用馬控制住將(帥)的活動范圍，再以馬為炮架，用炮殺死對方。這種殺法在象棋實戰中是最為常用的一種殺法。

雙馬飲泉

雙馬飲泉殺法是指用一馬控制將門，另一馬臥槽，然后雙馬互借威力，盤旋攻擊而獲勝的方法，也是雙馬勝士象的最基本方法。

掛角馬

掛角馬指攻擊一方借助車、炮、將(帥)等子力牽制對方中士的活動，然后用馬在士角位置將軍，使對方將(帥)不安于位，然后運用其他子力把對方將死。

雙車錯殺

雙車錯殺的意思就是說，當對弈雙方的將帥都暴露在對手面前的時候，我們可以利用車分占兩線前后照將的辦法，造成“雙車錯”的殺勢。

臥槽馬殺

所謂的“臥槽馬殺”，就是將棋盤上的馬跳到對方棋局下的下二路橫線，在三、七路的豎線交叉的那個點上，將軍，這時如有車、炮或其它棋子配合，可成臥槽馬殺勢。

掛角馬殺

在下象棋的過程中，利用炮或者車或者帥鎮中的力量，用它們來牽制對方棋局中的中士的活動，削弱其防御作用，然后用馬到對方士角掛角將軍，把對方將死的殺法，稱掛角馬殺。

八角馬殺

馬與對方的將、帥成田字對角的位置，把對方將帥困住，這樣的馬叫“八角馬”。這時如有車、兵或其他棋子從縱向或橫向照將，可成殺勢。

先學殘局

殘局是決定勝負的最后階段，學會殘局就會懂得哪種局勢可以取勝，怎樣勝法。哪種局勢可以成和，怎樣和法。就不致于在可勝的局勢下，錯過取勝的機會，而遇到自己處于劣勢時，運用技巧，創造條件達到求和目的。殘局棋子較少，可動的棋子選擇性不大，有時要動的棋子甚至帶有強迫性。對初學者來說，就更容易集中精力去思考。初學者下棋一般沒有什么計劃，更談不上戰略戰術，只是走到哪里算哪里，到了殘局階段，意味著一盤棋馬上就要結束了。這個階段決定一盤棋的勝負，往往都有一定的基本殺法。這對于初學者來說比較容易掌握。

學習基本殺法

最基本的殺法只有大概20多種。比如馬后炮、雙車錯、釣魚馬、大刀剜心等。這是為了告訴你走到什么樣就能殺死對方。學好了基本殺法，運用熟練，對殘局和中局都很有幫助。

學習殘局基本結論

學習的時候一定要明白哪些殘局的結果是什么。哪些殘局是必勝的，哪些殘局是必和的，哪些一般是必勝，但有巧和的，哪些一般是和棋，但有巧勝手段的。除了知道這些結論還要知道怎么走，才能取勝，或者和棋。

學會運子

這個主要針對的是中殘局過渡階段。比如拿到一個殘局，知道如何把自己沒有過河的兵，通過子力的配合運過河。充分深入的了解馬炮怎樣配合，大子和兵卒怎樣配合。這一點學好了，你就成為高手了。你會感悟到士象的防守有哪些弱點，怎樣防守最強硬，怎樣針對對方的問題進行攻擊。當然，這需要很長的路，下好多年棋，經常總結才能有進步。研究棋譜的話，最好在有一定基礎之后再看。一些江湖殘局適合玩樂，真的學習的話還要進行歸類總結， 這樣才能進步更快。

布局常識

布局三原則

1、有利于進攻

2、有利于防守

3、有利于大子出動

在布局階段，行棋走子只要符合布局三原則中的一條，即為可行之著，如能符合兩條或三條，則可稱上佳之手了。但行棋如違背三原則，就是壞棋，應給予摒棄。

布局三禁忌

車遲開

在象棋的子力中，車的威力最大，有“一車士子寒”之說，作為主力軍，應該盡早開出投入戰斗。如果遲遲不動，則對局勢不利。

馬躁進

馬雖八面威風，但也有致命弱點，在布局階段，由于子力較多，馬的行進道路多有堵塞之虞。如果不能與其它棋子配合，而貿然沖入敵陣“孤馬出群”，則易為對方所算。

炮輕發

炮具備遠程戰斗力，如果在布局階段貪小利而輕易發出，則減弱控制效果，貌進實退，反不及遙控威懾效率高。

步數的計算

在布局階段，如果己方走動步數較多的棋子與對方走動步數較少的棋子兌換掉，則會在步數上有所虧欠，對以后的棋局發展有不利的影響，因此要加以避免。

中局戰略

抽吃戰術

抽吃：走動一子后一面照將一面要捉吃對方棋子。對方為了應將，不得不放棄被抽的棋子，蒙受子力損失，這種戰術手段叫抽吃。

頓挫戰術

走子過程中不急于把子力直接運到目的地，而是先運到另外一個位置，待對方某子因此而被迫走到一個不利地位以后，再將其運至目的地的手段，稱之為頓挫戰術。

攔截戰術

攔截指在進攻時以襲擊的手段，擾亂對方防衛；或在防守時，以運子等于段，切斷對方子力聯系的戰術稱為攔截戰術。

牽制戰術

通過用自己的子力來限制對方某些子力的活動自由以達到得子、擴先等一定作戰目的的手段，稱之為牽制戰術。

閃擊戰術

所謂閃擊就是，處在前方的棋子突然閃開而露出后方棋子，后方棋子得以攻擊對手。

串打戰術

串打是謀子戰術中常用的一種方法。它是用車、炮兩種直線活動的射程較長的子力，牽制對方兩到三個子，再調動其他子發動謀子攻擊，對方往往很難避免失子。

捉雙戰術

捉雙是象棋中殘局里較為常見的謀子手段，它包括一子同時攻擊對方兩子，兩子分捉對方兩子等形式。由于它的戰術目的非常明顯，等對方發現被捉雙，要想不失子已經晚矣。

運子取勢戰術

一方運用各種子力奪取主動而占得先手或優勢，進而為謀子或制勝創造條件。在中局基本戰術中稱為“運子取勢”。

兌子搶先戰術

“兌子搶先”，一般指通過相等子力的交換來實現先后手的轉換和形勢優劣的轉化等，通常包括交換謀子、兌子捉雙、交換賺象、一車搏雙(馬炮或雙馬或雙炮)等手段。

先棄后取戰術

在對局中有計劃地舍棄一子后，通過戰術手段，或奪回一子、或取得攻勢，以得到補償，稱為“先棄后取”，是中局階段基本戰術之一。

棄子攻殺戰術

棄子攻殺，是在“寧失一子、不失一先”的戰略思想指導下以子力換取先手攻勢的一種戰術。

規則戰術

在實戰中有意識地走成循環著法以得到于己有利的裁決手段，稱之為規則戰術。

殘局戰略

就全局而論，布局屬于戰略性的，殘局屬于戰術性的。與中局不同的是，進入殘局很難速戰速勝，所以必須有個總的方針指導戰術。

優則圖勝、劣則謀和

“優則圖勝，劣則謀和”，在以全部子力投入規模較大，變化較多，斗爭較激烈的中局中，遂然作出這樣的決定是缺乏結束戰斗的現實意義的。到中殘交界由之而進入殘局的階段，子力既較少，例勝例和的定式又將依次出現，戰斗的性質已臨近結束階段，“優則圖勝，劣則謀和”的戰略決定，不但成為可能的，而且成為迫切需要的了。所以方針上決定了“優則圖勝”，需要攻不忘守，戒驕戒躁，穩步鞏固優勢；決定了“劣則謀和”，又應不屈不怯，奮力爭取上游。

均勢不敗，創造戰機。

戰略方針是依據實際形勢而決定的。事實上優勢可能變為劣勢，那就要從圖勝轉為謀和；劣勢可能變為優勢，那就要從謀和轉為圖勝；均勢可能失掉平衡，那又要轉到“優則圖勝，劣則謀和”的方針上來。總之，形勢變，方針也要變，這叫做戰略轉換（臨局去執行“優則圖勝”的方針時，往往形勢已走向不利了，仍然要堅持既定的方針，知進而不知退，以致遭到反擊，勝負易位的情況是不少見的）。正因為形勢有隨時轉變的可能，特別在雙士（仕）、象（相）殘缺，將(帥）位置不很正常，兵（卒）肩負了影響戰斗的巨大任務，成為互相糾纏的局面之下，歧路較多，操算不易，一著或失，面目全非。均勢中創造戰機，切記要立足于不敗之地，因勢利用、謹慎從事。這是在掌握戰略上必須有的警覺和修養。

好的對戰心態

保持必勝氣勢

天下沒有一定贏的棋，只有一定能贏的氣魄和心態！為了勝利，就要下出必勝的氣勢，視野要開闊，計劃要周密，行棋要果斷，不要一味地惦記著眼前的得失，要機動、靈活、變通。

修身養性，切忌浮躁

有的棋手實戰時一盤棋下得順風順水，便覺得局面都已占優，這時便愉快地哼著小曲、左顧右盼，在你注意力不集中的情況下，不是失去取勝良機就是出現昏招，形勢頓時翻盤。接下來絕大多數棋手會立即要求再來一盤以求“報仇”，但是接下來的對局心態已失去了平常心，于是連下連敗以致一敗涂地。

具備謀略心機

謀略是為創造有利條件而實行的全盤性行動的計劃和策略，也就是創造致勝條件。這需要長期的對弈、總結、打譜的積累。

1、真正的進攻就要有收獲，就要使局面朝著有利于自己的方向發展，這叫做攻有所獲。

2、單純的防守不好，具有反擊的防守才真正具有威力，這叫做守中有攻。

3、勇敢的人不懼怕任何對手，敢于搏殺，這叫做勇者無畏。

4、在面對可能出現兩種有利局面的時候，選擇最大程度有利于自己取得勝利的局面。在面對可能出現兩種不利局面的時候，選擇最小程度不利于自己的局面。特別注意局部服從全局的道理，這叫做利害選擇。

5、尋找出進攻的機會和線路，熟練地運用各種技戰術，使局面朝理想方向發展，這叫做捕捉戰機。

6、中局作戰過程中，要時常對當前局面有清醒地認識，該攻則攻 ，當守則守，進攻的線路，防守的要點，都在審局度勢的范圍之中。

7、多算勝，少算不勝。

8、善弈者攻心為上，攻城為下，心戰為上，兵戰為下。

9、以正合，以奇勝。

10、棋雖小道，棋品最尊。

11、棋品如人品，人品有高低之分，棋品有深淺之說。

12、勝固可喜，敗亦欣然。不怕輸棋，就怕不敢下，不怕被打倒，就怕起不來。

用心專注

失去注意力，這不是一個戰術或者戰略錯誤，而是一個致命的錯誤。保持專注考驗的是棋手的身體與心理兩個方面的能力。專業棋手與初學者之間的差別在于，一般經驗豐富的專業棋手在整場比賽中都可以保持專注，并且在必要時，他可以計算所有變化并選擇正確的著法。而初學者則往往會失去注意力并且往往會犯錯誤。要解決這個問題，下棋時候慢一些，多下長時間的對局以訓練保持注意力。

時刻關注自己將帥的安全！

初學者總是喜歡瘋狂地攻擊，經常忘記了自己將帥的安全，從而結局總是悲傷的。請記住，在開始任何攻擊之前，你必須首先確保將帥的安全。請記住，對手的每一步都可能隱藏著威脅。要積極計算與思考，積極探究雙方可能的計劃。

不為外界干擾所動

象棋是個技藝的游戲，但是心理影響在對弈時起著非常重要的作用。現在比賽里對手為了給對手施加心理壓力，手段方法數不勝數。

避免受影響的方法是：

1、專注于棋盤，而不是對手本人。

2、總是按對手要走出最好的招法來想棋。

3、如果對手有任何影響你的行為，要冷靜思考應對。

入門必備書籍

1、《象棋入門》，金盾出版社。推薦指數：強烈推薦。

2、《自出洞來無敵手》，推薦指數：強烈推薦。

3、《象棋指歸》，賈題韜著。高屋建瓴，文字優美。

4、《橘中秘》《梅花譜》提高殘局最佳棋書。

%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"象棋是中國傳統棋類益智游戲，有著悠久的歷史。象棋屬于二人對抗性游戲的一種，不僅用具簡單，趣味性強，而且還能鍛煉人的記憶，培養全局意識以及正確的競爭觀念，所以學習下象棋是一個非常不錯的選擇，那么如何學下象棋呢？","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAw6GyQSUkiUK2fQGyCLfHb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"認識象棋","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMMm8QqUqwMYSCIK2wCNBQb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"學下象棋，第一步肯定是要了解象棋的組成和規則，這是學下象棋的基礎。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUI08WC0IkQ02kh6byCzAxR"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"象棋組成","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnug2COggQAmQIENoXhOKJUg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"棋盤","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCKIkG26EsUeuuAuC2N86bh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"象棋棋盤橫線縱線形成9*10=90個交點，這90個交點為可落子處。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsuWIQeUEEQK2mkkZrzGnfd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1024,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"棋盤","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4dfd861f74be47478c2aa05b139fffbd","width":706},"text":"","id":"doxcnAiqG6oIei6yQOCm7VsJiYc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngiUwIKcUGqEIEVqqZwogff"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一盤未開局的棋如下圖所示","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnScaIUYwc2WeQQzgmG0DqEf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1024,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"棋盤","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e388de8af0a34e26a7fa287bee0a68e4","width":830},"text":"","id":"doxcn6QCKOuWaCEk8IxTRxrIGDe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"棋子","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnusqUmkyGQQOWWCgMINma1f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"帥（將）：帥（將）是棋中的首腦，是雙方竭力爭奪的目標。它只能在九宮之內活動，可上可下，可左可右，每次走動只能按豎線或橫線走動一格。帥與將不能在同一直線上直接對面，否則走方判負。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEG0sGOi2M2sSvFaeUJf0Bk"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"仕（士）：仕（士）是將（帥）的貼身保鏢，它也只能在九宮內走動。它的行棋路徑只有九宮內的四條斜線。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnq86smoeqUqieIzKojBTZxd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"相（象）：相（象）的主要作用是防守，保護自己的帥（將）。它的走法是每次循對角線走兩格，俗稱“象飛田”。相（象）的活動范圍限于河界以內的本方陣地，不能過河，且如果它走的田字中央有一個棋子，就不能走，俗稱“塞象眼”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWMI80Uw64kkMaUlEDQeXuh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"車：車在象棋中威力最大，無論橫線、豎線均可行走，只要無子阻攔，步數不受限制。因此，一車可以控制十七個點，故有“一車十子寒”之稱。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQYACCwsiKegk9Wc0lI7YeR"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"炮：炮在不吃子的時候，移動與車完全相同。當吃子時，己方和對方的棋子中間必須間隔1個棋子（無論對方或己方棋子），炮是象棋中唯一可以越子的棋種。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMoqS2yo8YEUyYR7T5v6eGh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"馬：馬走動的方法是一直一斜，即先橫著或直著走一格，然后再斜著走一個對角線，俗稱“馬走日”。馬一次可走的選擇點可以達到四周的八個點，故有“八面威風”之說。如果在要去的方向有別的棋子擋住，馬就無法走過去，俗稱“蹩馬腿”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYAmIy2S0koOKwBAvtCZpOh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"兵（卒）：兵（卒）在未過河前，只能向前一步步走，過河以后，除不能后退外，允許左右移動，但也只能一次一步，即使這樣，兵（卒）的威力也大大增強，故有“過河的卒子頂半個車”之說。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6qMCGY4ewYYg4sw1YW6Gvc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":450,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"棋子","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4cd2917422344c2999808581b5a837d7","width":650},"text":"","id":"doxcnSIEa0Cy6aAwYk5A1AmYZGc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"象棋術語","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniiyyoO6mMoAIaH3fw5646E"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、九宮：倆斜線連同周邊方格組成的區域。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmSQwe4keYgIiSWn17SSUbf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、將軍：一方子力去殺對方將或帥，迫使對方應著。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUMygICSK2ukISqtVFphBrf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、當頭炮：即將任意一炮平至中路，威脅對方九宮。這是一種常見的布局著法。由于將、帥行動限在“九宮”以內，所以當頭炮的控制威力很強，也叫中路炮。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0iiUKs8ysUsOSM3nyChVcc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、屏風馬：兩馬分立于九宮的兩側，形如“屏風”以拱衛京師。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuu8oQASyqmasaNCD1TsoYt"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、單邊馬：一馬守中卒而另一馬跳邊，有左、右單邊馬布局的差別。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIUS6giCqmWMwW4cHRkNdQg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、雙邊馬：倆馬一個跳九路，一個跳一路。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWEEoqwS4sg2suKZbUGTHgg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、士角炮：平炮到九宮上倆點任意一點。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneQA6a6OCCgK8fLzqyhZNH9"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8、仙人指路：先行一方起著挺象肩兵（左右皆可），試探對方的應著，就像“投石問路”一樣。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0E8oUSuyIc62m0b6cWIGpd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":300,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"象棋術語","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/74ade0935ed44c4b90b32bdc89a1e480","width":452},"text":"","id":"doxcn02s2G2K4Um6qKw88KeHPnf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"象棋規則","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0oIuQygAuCMGuOR4CjXTb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就是說無論如何\"將軍”者在下一個回合都能吃掉對方的帥(將)，則為“將死”(checkmate)，吃掉對方帥(將)者判勝利。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn28Sq4KSAsK8eoLvF0RCMkh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、如果輪到一方走，此時這方并沒有被“將軍”但其走無論任何一個棋子，另一方都能在下一個回合里吃掉他的帥(將)，則也判這方負。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaMScM4AkKE8kgR2jEsgv0g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、如果輪到走棋的一方沒有任何能夠移動的棋子，那么也判這方負。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaqMiAmw28YMC2Rs74IqBxb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、雙方均無能力\"將死”對方時，判和。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngg0cgQE8aKqQiokYdEHbyc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":681,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"勝負判定","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c0c08f6864bd47e19715528a616b557d","width":1021},"text":"","id":"doxcns4WsWCWqI8oA442w8QFdNd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行棋規則","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqk0CqQ2ew0CGdTAkvTyVGh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"對局時，由執紅棋的一方先走，雙方輪流各走一著（雙方各走一著，稱為一個回合），直至分出","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"勝、負、和，","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"對局即算終了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMwGu26MaaeEeEnntkGjPAf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":387,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"行棋規則","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/40f083edd8314437b55a37a7dfdee797","width":383},"text":"","id":"doxcnMoCgwiSeMq22snIwPR1Mhh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"基本殺法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOgsEI4wqSswm2J2a04G1zc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"對面笑","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2CmAawUy6SY266QUo3BHqh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"對面笑的意思就是說，下棋時，乙方占據了九宮，九宮中有沒有其他的棋子可以掩護，這時候就可以利用將和帥不可以碰面這個原則，來控制中路，再利用車、炮、兵等在對方將/帥所居的肋道上縱向照將而取勝。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2s0oOy2EU0EQQtHluW4VSf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":672,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"對面笑","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f64b826780da45ca9eb9a9bfaacd0f3f","width":1280},"text":"","id":"doxcnAQGqmwYMOmkyYlBBAKa0ee"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"雙車挫","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2uKE4Cc4gGK8aEnBWkGfOg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"“雙車挫”就是利用兩輛車交替“將軍”，知道把對方的將或者帥殺死。“雙車挫”可以早對方的將領沒有其他多余的子或者沒有士象的保護的時候使用，迅猛無比。如果有士保護，則需要其它的配合來破掉士。這種殺法由于雙車要交替將軍，因此雙車不能在一條直線上。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAkAuS2GYE2QuY5cc5UEqfd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":266,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"雙車挫","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d60926d6ec2f4ebcb21cf0165f4214bb","width":232},"text":"","id":"doxcnmiAIeSgSaMQUOYF7xt0Aof"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"三車鬧士","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkEiMsGwmCmk6mOTc89TA2f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"“雙車挫”的用法，在整個棋局面臨殘局的時候，乙方的兵卒已經成功的進入九宮，這時候如果攻擊對方的中士，又以雙車相配合，其攻擊力量相當于三個車，故名三車鬧士。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkceumsioQ6QSm62c1BMDCf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":415,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三車鬧士","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9284924a094c47b6b9c9eb648ccafd62","width":500},"text":"","id":"doxcn822uKO4eAOCoQvOuy7ylph"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"海底撈月","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMcA0Wmio24I4CkG9maZwSd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在無法攻破對方正面防御時，借助帥(將)對中炮的控制力，把子力運動到底線，在其帥(將)的背后發起攻擊而取勝的方法，稱為“海底撈月”，也叫 “沉底月”、“海底炮”，是車、炮勝單車的殺法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniIMa4Mu0CMUKGhSouCa2kb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在車、炮勝單車的殘局中，車炮一方通常要占據中路，再用炮借車力在將(帥)底下將對方守護在肋線的車趕走，而后退車用對面笑殺法做成殺勢。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncMKWOeoEM4GisXkW72eEye"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":414,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"海底撈月","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c27433b275bb4bb3a14216b99ec66d16","width":377},"text":"","id":"doxcn4woacqEgC6Ii4HgGnNe3Kh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"夾車炮","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwOuEyAAwO6KykJT3F3AX0c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"雙炮和車集中于一側，用車和雙炮交替將軍，其形式與雙車挫殺法相類似。這種殺法比較容易理解，關鍵是有的時候車炮不","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"在—","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"側也可以通過運子構成殺勢。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSCcm8E6QWkQQQrGujOcr0c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1024,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"夾車炮","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f3f39193831d4674b8fa7db4db9754fa","width":875},"text":"","id":"doxcn8IIgmoGuc6g0wZD18LcLPb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"大膽穿心","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4uKSCcC2seKSisLa4naWae"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"又稱大刀剜心，就是車在其他子力的配合(主要是炮對對方象士的牽制)下強行殺對方中士，逼對方用底士去吃車，從而閃露出底線的空當再用其他子作殺。若其不用底士吃車而是拐將，則同樣可將死。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4cGYmCi6iwgmYJxthFNMTg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":570,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"大膽穿心","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fd9ffcf555fe4eeca708f3816b049dc8","width":518},"text":"","id":"doxcnYgys0CUWWYCoUXvtephYdd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"鐵門閂","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEuAScmKSiicOC80OyNF0Cc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"利用中炮的威力控制中路，再用車封住將門后用其他子配合底線強行將殺。如果對方有一車守底線，攻擊方有兩只重疊的車再加上將(帥)之力，也可破敵，稱為“露將三把手”或“連將三出車”。有時候也用兵來代替車控制將門。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYmySQaSUcGIUc7Xp2Mhapd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":711,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"鐵門閂","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/72ea52a0ae244572941b03e2cb9990bb","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnOOCG0weEeGiY6HKoIqPZ4e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"千里照面","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmOKYQmauCeIkOaIhRgdT4d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"利用中炮和雙車的威力，在有底士的一側要殺，再棄車殺底士然后車正面照將成殺。這種殺法要注意的是對方中路是士象可用此殺法，但是如果中路是士和炮就不能采用，因為黑方可獻中炮解殺。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKOOqcKaGAiaGaqAxYxPcMe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1024,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"千里照面","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/597bc561860449099e68ce796e3b4322","width":779},"text":"","id":"doxcnKmkgqMMwuqs6YtpFR40MWf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"雙車肋士","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMS6ueiOO2wWCIZTWCt1Yoc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一方以雙車侵入對方九宮兩肋后，棄車強行構成殺局，在實戰對局中較","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"為常見","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwqGeeQgOU48W4u85gUVP4K"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":706,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"雙車肋士","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a6aa7137c9834fbfaedf6bb629cf683c","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnm0w60428uSoKqYDok0a09f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"炮輾丹砂","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnisyewWSIEOSgmOfky9S6Pe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"以車炮侵入對方底線，借助車的力量輾轉掃蕩對方的士象或其他子力，從而將死對方，這種殺法稱為炮輾丹砂殺法，俗稱“打剝皮”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaIK2ea62WQCWUzDFWbwUXd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":540,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"炮輾丹砂","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/144da202e6f248e586bd809ddbd34ac3","width":500},"text":"","id":"doxcn6M2qEYc0QSOc9ezDp8jBwA"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"悶殺","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsW0ycsyEiSMIecgh9Wc7zb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一方通過將、要殺或棄子等攻擊手段造成對方子力自堵將(帥)活動空間而一舉將死對方的殺法。利用對方雙士不適當的聯結，自阻將(帥)的活動范圍，用一炮將對方將(帥)殺死在原位，習慣稱為“悶宮”。悶宮可以看作是悶殺的一種特殊形式。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0QyIOea68Ew8cbgrxp2aMh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1024,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"悶殺","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7d4fc483a3fa465f9073cbb4647a1ca9","width":884},"text":"","id":"doxcnoWusyuKSEQ4C2ZkDywXg9d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"重炮","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKaUUmoIs0CiW6FtwAbftzb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"重炮殺法指—方將雙炮重疊于一條線上，一炮充當炮架，另一炮將軍，或前炮將軍后炮控制，將對方殺死。俗語說：重炮無墊子，就是指這種殺法所具有的威力。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOOYskaAyIgK8OCArlTeIlg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"前面所講的夾車炮殺法，雙炮在一條線上也是一種重炮殺法。兩者的區別就在于夾車炮殺法是以車和雙炮交替將軍而把對方殺死，而重炮殺法是把對方將 (帥)固定于一條直線上用雙炮將死。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6MuI2YkCS4I060AghdRLjb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1024,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"重炮","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8922c79abf634f8db9e00b640eba34b4","width":936},"text":"","id":"doxcnm0qyQWAy2wOoovfabNQfqc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"天地炮","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2sYWcY2UYwEkijSa8AN9Zc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"天地炮殺法指攻擊的一方一炮鎮在中路，一炮沉在底線，使對方的防守力量都被牽制住，然后用其他子力配合而將對方將死的殺法。這種攻殺方法以車配合雙炮攻擊最為常見，也是威力最大的殺法之一，包括車到底線、出將再車殺中士這兩種殺法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoq6QoAyM6CKY82ooIIH0zc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":847,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"天地炮","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c80e5c00bc4e413cb4314fdb0f808a3f","width":828},"text":"","id":"doxcnOYseWsegiwc2C4msLFFm0b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"雙將","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6swgCeo2myUW8rpPJzqIuh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"雙將指攻擊的一方把自己的幾個子組合起來，同時從兩個方向照將，從而殺死對方。這種殺法是象棋殺法中比較兇悍的一種，初學者由于對一些殺法或者各子的攻殺能力還理解得不夠深刻，經常一時不防被殺。如果掌握了一些雙殺的基本形勢，就可以防止被雙殺，同時還可以此雙殺對手。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO22SoqI26Iw0UT6ch80wSb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1024,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"雙將","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6b170c9dd4644e54a4519a0196ce38db","width":878},"text":"","id":"doxcnyaK4Gm2i6Gye8PdFUDqC5d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"二鬼拍門","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEEE2mG6keKecrot8gcykKG"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"二鬼拍門殺法指攻擊的一方使雙兵(卒)侵入對方的九宮后分別鎖住兩條肋道，然后再配合其他子力搏士而獲勝的殺法，也稱二鬼把門。因兵(卒)有小鬼之稱，故而得名。三兵勝士象全最后就是用二鬼拍門的殺法取勝的。這個殺法用的較少。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOKcu88csW0GO6sG9CHOaLf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":698,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"二鬼拍門","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cde02373da874ced82ea506c84b60ce2","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnK6QIw2CqYC864pBZocwYuE"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"送佛歸殿","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmgSAWuiem4KeQzqJcaT7Td"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"送佛歸殿殺法是指兵(卒)借助其他子力的力量步步將軍，把對方的將(帥)遏回原位而取勝的殺法。有的棋書稱此殺法為“三進兵”，但遠沒有“送佛歸殿”這——名稱形象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnui40M2ikmW04QRT7tuUQ3c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1024,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"送佛歸殿","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/eb9adccc087c475b8a8152d304f7a981","width":939},"text":"","id":"doxcn42YYmA6iuu202DLnX39D9c"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"三子歸邊","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUQmyWUQKa06KFsWpByIFDO"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"集中三個不同子力于對方側翼。聯合作戰而將對方殺死，稱為三于歸邊殺法。三子以車、馬、炮三子歸邊比較常見，威力也最大。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn40kq064UMQUuMjRVquPmme"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1024,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三子歸邊","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3beccf4ae23c4ba196c1ab89ec976127","width":876},"text":"","id":"doxcn4MUuGo4C6CQMIh0ud2LNub"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"馬后炮","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuUIeaummuuEEQvI9zEBhcg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"馬后炮殺法指攻擊的一方先用馬控制住將(帥)的活動范圍，再以馬為炮架，用炮殺死對方。這種殺法在象棋實戰中是最為常用的一種殺法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnK6Q8Yua6ieKGwd2b3WTh5k"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1024,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"馬后炮","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c8afdf8e77af4eee9c4a2497c217e447","width":885},"text":"","id":"doxcnW8AGCEwSycaE4CsPbno0RD"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"雙馬飲泉","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwcc2KiUuGeiwugqvl5xs9f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"雙馬飲泉殺法是指用一馬控制將門，另一馬臥槽，然后雙馬互借威力，盤旋攻擊而獲勝的方法，也是雙馬勝士象的最基本方法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYoYC2OWA2UMY8QWU6hNqac"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":576,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"雙馬飲泉","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6a08f84a098647fbb33655037a36c818","width":517},"text":"","id":"doxcnawMAkQeQmuUw89plSEFelf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"掛角馬","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCUwUGwwO4wKKQLKQpiEbme"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"掛角馬指攻擊一方借助車、炮、將(帥)等子力牽制對方中士的活動，然后用馬在士角位置將軍，使對方將(帥)不安于位，然后運用其他子力把對方將死。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnESmec4uGoag8KSdVEhK9Db"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1024,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"掛角馬","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9d86168c7ceb42ecbfac734267fc0de7","width":877},"text":"","id":"doxcncQ6mkYGEiwQYgkUwGmcztb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"雙車錯殺","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnquo4suw2uCIyGiNuwz12vb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"雙車錯殺的意思就是說，當對弈雙方的將帥都暴露在對手面前的時候，我們可以利用車分占兩線前后照將的辦法，造成“雙車錯”的殺勢。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEgQws2GSi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這樣才能進步更快。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuO2eKoawwuASyKqLH3Hxdd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":596,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"學會運子","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b600792a814445128728182e2db7f34c","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnKOSsUGgmacuk21xemhyfYc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"布局常識","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4YoAgQcoYUe44rA6tKRzWf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"布局三原則","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWA8Ycy4eSyWmiYBjCgeizc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、有利于進攻","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2cYwe0oqCaSKuQKyUbanjf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、有利于防守","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWa084skkCYg2gBtG1JO5k3"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、有利于大子出動","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqWWkUMQymEQ6eKTWneuRZf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在布局階段，行棋走子只要符合布局三原則中的一條，即為可行之著，如能符合兩條或三條，則可稱上佳之手了。但行棋如違背三原則，就是壞棋，應給予摒棄。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkuCIo0WeUs4qywrXkSVuyc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"布局三禁忌","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIMQckWcyge0IyIbzitCFve"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"車遲開","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmkUmMQIiqaMqQbWGcc6jae"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在象棋的子力中，車的威力最大，有“一車士子寒”之說，作為主力軍，應該盡早開出投入戰斗。如果遲遲不動，則對局勢不利。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsyeII68quMmMmQ2c7EuvNf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"馬躁進","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOIkyimuUwyuU4ENc5R7Qbf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"馬雖八面威風，但也有致命弱點，在布局階段，由于子力較多，馬的行進道路多有堵塞之虞。如果不能與其它棋子配合，而貿然沖入敵陣“孤馬出群”，則易為對方所算。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnW6I2uwcmos2e8jllSOajLd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"炮輕發","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCccK806akMoQuG57tfzkQh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"炮具備遠程戰斗力，如果在布局階段貪小利而輕易發出，則減弱控制效果，貌進實退，反不及遙控威懾效率高。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqWMAaE6Q2gGqQHEYE5RnNf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"步數的計算","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncw4SUMkokumIa8eT4UH0eh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在布局階段，如果己方走動步數較多的棋子與對方走動步數較少的棋子兌換掉，則會在步數上有所虧欠，對以后的棋局發展有不利的影響，因此要加以避免。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4gGs0OWoUWQoUdUP9OdpMb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":684,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"步數的計算","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9a8e33a067244d4cae7cad7befdef70e","width":1024},"text":"","id":"doxcn0sKmKSsAiy0mQxny9ksbOg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"中局戰略","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMSuGCekE2WSaSssy9ZKQ7u"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"抽吃戰術","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqCcoQImEuOEwgX2KDQFxob"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"抽吃：走動一子后一面照將一面要捉吃對方棋子。對方為了應將，不得不放棄被抽的棋子，蒙受子力損失，這種戰術手段叫抽吃。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkUQsuuKIsimU4kRvtzx4Qb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"頓挫戰術","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAusKsAyIEMuiK4jHRkDGwf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"走子過程中不急于把子力直接運到目的地，而是先運到另外一個位置，待對方某子因此而被迫走到一個不利地位以后，再將其運至目的地的手段，稱之為頓挫戰術。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWUww606A02ks0s89FnbX6b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"攔截戰術","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcny6yuw6Ws6QQ6QtnbB53L5f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"攔截指在進攻時以襲擊的手段，擾亂對方防衛；或在防守時，以運子等于段，切斷對方子力聯系的戰術稱為攔截戰術。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4mWSMQEuUWeIYZJfYT3Wke"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"牽制戰術","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnY6owyWiMCmawwtGYtVexTh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"通過用自己的子力來限制對方某些子力的活動自由以達到得子、擴先等一定作戰目的的手段，稱之為牽制戰術。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnImYCsWUa6gmUmelYFlXRRh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"閃擊戰術","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYieoQsc4WCUwqqwdGkmtag"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"所謂閃擊就是，處在前方的棋子突然閃開而露出后方棋子，后方棋子得以攻擊對手。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8oIImy0MWOIcGKm9I1GVjf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"串打戰術","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn820q6uGemSWuw3N9ZekFsc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"串打是謀子戰術中常用的一種方法。它是用車、炮兩種直線活動的射程較長的子力，牽制對方兩到三個子，再調動其他子發動謀子攻擊，對方往往很難避免失子。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnE42omwqou4GG2Vku3292Wh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"捉雙戰術","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaGG4GuWWGkkweW9Wfwb5Qd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"捉雙是象棋中殘局里較為常見的謀子手段，它包括一子同時攻擊對方兩子，兩子分捉對方兩子等形式。由于它的戰術目的非常明顯，等對方發現被捉雙，要想不失子已經晚矣。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8i0Sm4WugCk2sZuGY7wCWb"},{"type":"h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","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"具備謀略心機","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsYoci2yeG66YKyzs1XVBze"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"謀略是為創造有利條件而實行的全盤性行動的計劃和策略，也就是創造致勝條件。這需要長期的對弈、總結、打譜的積累。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniEwo868QIMKqGKYir9bILh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、真正的進攻就要有收獲，就要使局面朝著有利于自己的方向發展，這叫做攻有所獲。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnC8oYy0KiwoQsKybXkjLAVg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、單純的防守不好，具有反擊的防守才真正具有威力，這叫做守中有攻。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2Swkgo8aMI8iaih5chojgb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、勇敢的人不懼怕任何對手，敢于搏殺，這叫做勇者無畏。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqC4QuaCk4g8MgnR52KuB8c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、在面對可能出現兩種有利局面的時候，選擇最大程度有利于自己取得勝利的局面。在面對可能出現兩種不利局面的時候，選擇最小程度不利于自己的局面。特別注意局部服從全局的道理，這叫做利害選擇。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnguwqwMisqa66CxgvkAcu6B"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、尋找出進攻的機會和線路，熟練地運用各種技戰術，使局面朝理想方向發展，這叫做捕捉戰機。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnU6A6i0ggoQ4YmqnXSdxj5c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、中局作戰過程中，要時常對當前局面有清醒地認識，該攻則攻 ，當守則守，進攻的線路，防守的要點，都在審局度勢的范圍之中。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAiecymq62SecG4YLvGYGQd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、多算勝，少算不勝。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkqk4SCuqkii48TBGzS1eZd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8、善弈者攻心為上，攻城為下，心戰為上，兵戰為下。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnK0mWaMI4E8wI22YAFsWdKA"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"9、以正合，以奇勝。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQwSc68EuscKc2f3PuBj0Cc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"10、棋雖小道，棋品最尊。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8QGSe64AGwq6MbfzdHY5ih"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"11、棋品如人品，人品有高低之分，棋品有深淺之說。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoiMyaAGu8gmMExlZl46x7C"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"12、勝固可喜，敗亦欣然。不怕輸棋，就怕不敢下，","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"不怕被打倒，就怕起不來。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWqUuI0agCiGYkJV3pEqdTc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":575,"note":[{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"具備謀略心機","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cf31d79c29224c96842f2cb736f717ad","width":831},"text":"","id":"doxcnMCQqAi0mWq6eme5pDIxHAd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"用心專注","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyy6AOcGaQWSeWsJBCGzwye"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 失去注意力，這不是一個戰術或者戰略錯誤，而是一個致命的錯誤。保持專注考驗的是棋手的身體與心理兩個方面的能力。專業棋手與初學者之間的差別在于，一般經驗豐富的專業棋手在整場比賽中都可以保持專注，并且在必要時，他可以計算所有變化并選擇正確的著法。而初學者則往往會失去注意力并且往往會犯錯誤。要解決這個問題，下棋時候慢一些，多下長時間的對局以訓練保持注意力。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnu6yE8yKIi2gk4zkY8mzZlg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"時刻關注自己將帥的安全！","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnk0g8kAUCAmsAOaYOOkrJWh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"初學者總是喜歡瘋狂地攻擊，經常忘記了自己將帥的安全，從而結局總是悲傷的。請記住，在開始任何攻擊之前，你必須首先確保將帥的安全。請記住，對手的每一步都可能隱藏著威脅。要積極計算與思考，積極探究雙方可能的計劃。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA4aYWyWIQMe2klLd73uXvh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":422,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"時刻關注自己將帥的安全！","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8f7f2965dd6648688124fd7695abd976","width":600},"text":"","id":"doxcnWMkkwYocACu0gx2eLuP4dh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEwUQaKg0koGaCGlbCEEhNb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"不為外界干擾所動","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUOi82oMs8KUQoXz7crDiie"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"象棋是個技藝的游戲，但是心理影響在對弈時起著非常重要的作用。現在比賽里對手為了給對手施加心理壓力，手段方法數不勝數。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUOEmIQ6Gw44CYfoIoNpJJd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"避免受影響的方法是：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8ygWkK0wACQSQtZnt848ld"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、專注于棋盤，而不是對手本人。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnU02YOwEw48K8lUApsAVgML"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、總是按對手要走出最好的招法來想棋。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsWkqeoye8uS2k5ogACsKPf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、如果對手有任何影響你的行為，要冷靜思考應對。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyUE2UuuAYQca6xNHs2Pkjc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":642,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"不為外界干擾所動","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d5d74c7015064a2fbe3614300a13f5f1","width":960},"text":"","id":"doxcnkw6MAOkw2GecqQLIgeEqqf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"入門必備書籍","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWyUGECsYYImyqId71uxBgd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、《象棋入門》，金盾出版社。推薦指數：強烈推薦。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSi0YIk4I6G28N2XuQlC5m3"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":500,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"入門必備書籍","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/15ea266394924f2d82ecc676a9078be1","width":345},"text":"","id":"doxcnyoCSgUy8kwEOCWYGvMca1y"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、《自出洞來無敵手》，推薦指數：強烈推薦。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA8YcmoOGOKkIv8xRWoakjS"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1175,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"入門必備書籍","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/68764a292c5d4595961ead4fc7cb56ca","width":792},"text":"","id":"doxcngGug0CqQyuk24QmhydNqfb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、《象棋指歸》，賈題韜著。高屋建瓴，文字優美。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWamguIEKgWymCzhqkVW5R2"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":426,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"入門必備書籍","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cf6ab896b096454f95735746ee919d77","width":312},"text":"","id":"doxcnCYOSUoEcIyuWyGotQEIPlb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAI4gUUWWIQQWItDrNWIPpf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、《橘中秘》《梅花譜》提高殘局最佳棋書。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnem8KaWuG4um4dlYl8tXDAH"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":584,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"入門必備書籍","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5c6801a0934041ed8d2724951d11c0b1","width":804},"text":"","id":"doxcnKCWmAo4IQkwASKPH7eYVue"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwsOOQCU86IkOO4ur3ZWibh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnm2cQgq8uQkQ2QTG8dhypWg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2k2QeECwciuuYwH80MOcEE"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4OM4woImcIooSIIRDCu1Rc"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E