今天我們來討論的話題是關于Oracle 28500的。Oracle 28500是一個系統級錯誤碼，表示數據庫啟動過程中遇到問題。該錯誤碼較為常見，有很多原因可以導致它的出現，下面我們將通過舉例來講述這些原因。

錯誤原因1：數據庫配置錯誤。常見的配置錯誤包括錯誤的監聽器名稱，錯誤的啟動參數等。例如，如果監聽器名稱與數據庫實例名稱不匹配，那么就會導致28500錯誤。

LSNRCTL>start
Starting /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...
TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
System parameter file is /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log
Error listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=127.0.0.1)(PORT=1521)))
TNS-12545: Connect failed because target host or object does not exist
 TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error
TNS-00515: Connect failed because target host or object does not exist
Linux Error: 111: Connection refused
Listener failed to start. See the error message(s) above...

錯誤原因2：Oracle實例不可用。實例可能因為各種原因無法啟動，例如數據文件丟失，控制文件損壞，或者由于網絡問題而無法在節點之間進行通信等。

WARNING: Oracle instance running on a system with low open file descriptor limit. Tune your system to increase this limit to avoid severe performance degradation.
ORACLE_HOME = /usr/lib/oracle/xe/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/server
System name:	Linux
Node name:	docker
Release:	4.4.0-145-generic
Version:	#171-Ubuntu SMP Tue Mar 26 12:43:40 UTC 2019
Machine:	x86_64
Instance name: XE
Redo thread mounted by this instance: 0
Oracle process number: 7
Unix process pid: 129, image: oracleXE (LOCAL=NO)
*** 2019-08-30 07:40:59.008
*** SERVICE NAME:() 2019-08-30 07:40:59.008
*** SESSION ID:(37.1) 2019-08-30 07:40:59.007
*** 2019-08-30 07:40:59.007
ksvcreate: Process(ora_xe) creation failed
krm_create: unable to create process
ORA-27102: out of memory
Linux-x86_64 Error: 12: Cannot allocate memory
Additional information: 1418
Additional information: 32776
ORA-10997: another startup/shutdown operation of this instance inprogress

錯誤原因3：數據庫管理員錯誤。例如，嘗試啟動不正確的數據庫版本，或者沒有root或oracle用戶權限來執行必要的操作。

oracle@oracle-vm:~$ svcadm enable svc:/application/database/oraclead1:default
svcadm: Pattern 'svc:/application/database/oraclead1:default' doesn't match any instances
oracle@oracle-vm:~$ svcadm enable svc:/application/database/orapmc1:default
svcadm: svc:/application/database/orapmc1:default: The instance "orapmc1" does not exist.

錯誤原因4：主機或操作系統錯誤。例如，主機資源不足，缺失必要的庫文件，或者操作系統與數據庫不兼容等問題。

Oracle High Availability Services on the local node is not running
CRS-4000: Command Status failed, or completed with errors.
CRS-4639: Could not contact Oracle High Availability Services
CRS-4000: Command Status failed, or completed with errors.
CRS-4639: Could not contact Oracle High Availability Services

在發現Oracle 28500錯誤時，我們必須立即采取必要的措施來解決這個問題。如果我們能夠快速解決問題，將有助于提高數據庫的可靠性和穩定性。