PHP的array group函數是一個十分有用的數組函數,它可以將數組按照指定的鍵值進行分組,使得相同鍵值的元素聚在一起,這為對數組進行后續處理提供了便利。下面就讓我們來看看array group函數的具體用法以及一些實際應用。
首先,讓我們看一個簡單的例子:
$fruits = array(
array("name" =>"apple", "color" =>"red"),
array("name" =>"banana", "color" =>"yellow"),
array("name" =>"grape", "color" =>"purple"),
array("name" =>"kiwi", "color" =>"green"),
array("name" =>"watermelon", "color" =>"green")
);
$grouped = array_group_by($fruits, 'color');
print_r($grouped);
輸出結果為:Array
(
[red] =>Array
(
[0] =>Array
(
[name] =>apple
[color] =>red
)
)
[yellow] =>Array
(
[0] =>Array
(
[name] =>banana
[color] =>yellow
)
)
[purple] =>Array
(
[0] =>Array
(
[name] =>grape
[color] =>purple
)
)
[green] =>Array
(
[0] =>Array
(
[name] =>kiwi
[color] =>green
)
[1] =>Array
(
[name] =>watermelon
[color] =>green
)
)
)
可以看到,使用array group函數對$fruits這個數組進行了分組,分組依據為數組元素中的color鍵值。輸出結果中,相同的顏色被分為一個小組,每個小組內的元素被放置在一個數組中。
接下來,我們來看一個更實際的例子。假設我們有一個訂單數組,每個訂單包含價格、日期和商品種類。我們現在需要將訂單按商品種類進行分組,并計算每個分組內的總金額和訂單數量。代碼如下:$orders = array(
array("product" =>"apple", "price" =>10, "date" =>"2019-01-01"),
array("product" =>"banana", "price" =>15, "date" =>"2019-01-01"),
array("product" =>"grape", "price" =>20, "date" =>"2019-01-01"),
array("product" =>"apple", "price" =>5, "date" =>"2019-01-02"),
array("product" =>"banana", "price" =>10, "date" =>"2019-01-02"),
array("product" =>"grape", "price" =>15, "date" =>"2019-01-02"),
array("product" =>"apple", "price" =>3, "date" =>"2019-01-03"),
array("product" =>"banana", "price" =>5, "date" =>"2019-01-03"),
array("product" =>"grape", "price" =>8, "date" =>"2019-01-03"),
);
function calculate_total($group) {
$total = array();
$total["count"] = count($group);
$total["amount"] = array_sum(array_column($group, 'price'));
return $total;
}
$grouped = array_group_by($orders, 'product');
foreach ($grouped as $product =>$group) {
$total = calculate_total($group);
echo "{$product}: {$total['count']} orders, total amount: \${$total['amount']}\n";
}
代碼中的calculate_total函數用于計算每個分組內的總金額和訂單數量,array_column函數用于提取數組中的某一列數據。運行上述代碼,輸出結果如下:apple: 3 orders, total amount: $18
banana: 3 orders, total amount: $30
grape: 3 orders, total amount: $43
可以看到,原始的訂單數組被成功地按照商品種類進行了分組,每個分組內的總金額和訂單數量也被正確地計算出來。
最后,需要注意的是,在PHP7.3及以上的版本中,array group函數已經被內置為array函數族的一員,可以直接使用。如果你使用的是較老版本的PHP,需要自行添加以下函數到代碼中:function array_group_by(array $array, $key) {
$result = array();
foreach ($array as $element) {
if (!isset($result[$element[$key]])) {
$result[$element[$key]] = array();
}
$result[$element[$key]][] = $element;
}
return $result;
}
綜上所述,array group函數是一個非常好用的數組函數,它可以按照指定的鍵值將數組分組,為對數組進行后續處理提供了非常便利的方法。無論是對于簡單的數組還是實際應用中的復雜數據結構,array group函數都能派上用場。