雅思閱讀單項(xiàng)做題技巧？

在雅思閱讀必考主流題型中，單項(xiàng)選擇題是中國學(xué)生最為熟悉的一種考題形式。但是，熟悉不同于容易解決，在閱讀中選擇題可以概括為“易定位，難解題”，即選擇題并不考查定位能力，考生可以通過題干關(guān)鍵詞快速準(zhǔn)確地定位到文中對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)，但是需要理解句意以及排除混淆項(xiàng)的干擾才能選出正確答案。鑒于選擇題目的重理解，強(qiáng)混淆及耗時(shí)多，許多考生對(duì)其“避之唯恐不及”。接下來，將帶領(lǐng)考生們一起全面剖析選擇題型。

一、單項(xiàng)選擇題型的特點(diǎn)

1、符合順序原則的細(xì)節(jié)題目。題目在原文中的對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)符合文章順序，在定位題目時(shí)應(yīng)充分利用順序性原則加快定位速度及準(zhǔn)確性。

例1 劍6 test 4 passage 3

31 A recent survey found that in Britain secondary schools

32 Children who are bullied

33 The writer thinks that declaration “there is no bullying at this school”

34 What were the findings of research carried out in Norway?

31題解題點(diǎn)定于文章A段最后一句，根據(jù)順序性原則32題應(yīng)在B段首句開始定位，32題解題點(diǎn)定于B段最后一句，33題則應(yīng)在C段首句開始定位，以此類推解決后面的選擇題的定位問題。

2、題干中提取定位詞進(jìn)行定位。定位詞通常為實(shí)意名詞，動(dòng)詞及形容詞。絕大多數(shù)單項(xiàng)選擇題的定位問題可以依靠題干解決，不涉及到四個(gè)選項(xiàng)。選擇題題干可以分為兩大類：（一）題干中明確指出出題段落，此類選擇題題目在文中的對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)相對(duì)較分散。（二）題干中不提及涉及段落，此類選擇題目較之于第一種題干形式在文中對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)相對(duì)緊湊，文中通常一段出一題或一段出兩題。

例1 劍8 test 2 passage 3 The meaning and power of smell

33 According to the introduction, we become aware of the importance of smell when

文中對(duì)應(yīng)句：without being consciously aware of their importance to us. It is only when the faculty of smell is impaired for some reason......

題干中aware of the importance與文中aware of the importance一致，為原詞，表示意識(shí)到嗅覺的重要性。

34 The experiment described in paragraph B

文中對(duì)應(yīng)句：In one well-known test, women and men were able to distinguish by smell alone clothing......

題干中的experiment與B段中test為同義詞轉(zhuǎn)換，表示試驗(yàn)、測試。

35 What is the writer doing in paragraph C?

題干中無其他關(guān)鍵詞，此題目解題需要從段首開始逐句理解對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)。

36 What does the writer suggest about the study of smell in the atmosphere in paragraph E?

文中對(duì)應(yīng)句：Researchers have still to decide whether smell is one sense or two--one responding to odours proper and the other registering odourless chemicals in the air.

題干中smell in the atmosphere對(duì)應(yīng)到E段中odour, in the air為同義詞轉(zhuǎn)換，表示大氣中的氣味。

對(duì)于此類題干中已經(jīng)明確指出段落的選擇題，考生應(yīng)直接在指定段落根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞具體定位。

例 2 劍7 test 4 passage 3 Effects of noise

27 The writer suggests that people may have difficulty sleeping in the mountains because

文中對(duì)應(yīng)句：And yet most of us have had the experience of having to adjust to sleeping in the mountains or the countryside because it was initially ‘too quiet'

題干中sleeping in the mountains與文章第一段中的sleeping in the mountains一致，為原詞，表示在山林中入睡。

28 In noise experiments, Glass and Singer found that

文中對(duì)應(yīng)句：For example, Glass and Singer (1972) exposed people to short bursts of very loud noise and then measured their ability to work out problems and their physiological reactions to the noise.

題干中Glass and Singer與文章第一段中的Glass and Singer一致，為大寫原詞。

29 Researchers discovered that high noise levels are not likely to interfere with the

文中對(duì)應(yīng)句：For example, high noise levels interfered with the performance of subjects who were required to monitor three dials at a time, a task not unlike that of an aeroplane pilot or an air-traffic controller (Broadbent, 1957).

題干中high noise levels, interfere與文章第二段中的high noise levels interfered一致，為原詞，表示高聲噪音干涉。

對(duì)于此類題干中無指定解題段落的選擇題，考生應(yīng)按照順序性根據(jù)題干中關(guān)鍵詞從文中逐題定位，題目在文中相對(duì)集中出現(xiàn)。

二、單項(xiàng)選擇題型正確選項(xiàng)的選擇規(guī)律

單項(xiàng)選擇題型正確選項(xiàng)的選擇一般需要理解文中1-3句話解題，不涉及跨段理解，譬如，根據(jù)定位句定位到某段段末句，此題只需要理解段末一句即可，不會(huì)涉及下一段的句子。另外，正確選項(xiàng)與文中對(duì)應(yīng)句存在對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)（多為同根詞替換，同義詞替換，句子釋義轉(zhuǎn)換）。

例1 劍8 test 2 passage 3 The meaning and power of smell

33 According to the introduction, we become aware of the importance of smell when

A. we discover a new smell.

B. we experience a powerful smell.

C. our ability to smell is damaged.

D. we are surrounded by odours.

正確答案：C

文中對(duì)應(yīng)句：For the most part, however, we breathe in the aromas which surround us without being consciously aware of their importance to us. It is only when the faculty of smell is impaired for some reason that we begin to realise the essential role the sense of smell plays in our sense of well-being.

題干考查什么時(shí)候人們能夠意識(shí)到嗅覺的重要性，文中提到只有當(dāng)嗅覺的感知由于某些原因損傷后我們才開始意識(shí)到嗅覺對(duì)于我們的重要性。C選項(xiàng)中的damage與文中impair為同義詞轉(zhuǎn)換關(guān)系，表示損壞。

例2 劍7 teat 4 passage 3 Effects of noise

27 The writer suggests that people may have difficulty sleeping in the mountains because

A. humans do not prefer peace and quiet to noise.

B. they may be exposed to short bursts of very strange sounds.

C. humans prefer to hear a certain amount of noise while they sleep.

D. they may have adapted to a higher noise level in the city.

正確答案：D

文中對(duì)應(yīng)句：And yet most of us have had the experience of having to adjust to sleeping in the mountains or the countryside because it was initially ‘too quiet', an experience that suggests that humans are capable of adapting to a wide range of noise levels.

題干考查山林入睡困難的原因，文中提到山林中入睡困難的經(jīng)歷表明人們有能力適應(yīng)高噪音范圍的噪音。D選項(xiàng)中的adapted與文中adapting對(duì)應(yīng)，表示適應(yīng)。

例3 劍9 test 4 passage 3 The development of museums

33 The writer says that museums, heritage sites and theme parks

A. often work in close partnership.

B. try to preserve separate identities.

C. have similar exhibits.

D. are less easy to distinguish than before.

正確答案：D

文中對(duì)應(yīng)句：In a related development, the sharp distinction between museum and heritage sites on the one hand, and theme parks on the other, is gradually evaporating. They already borrow ideas and concepts from one another.

題干考查heritage sites與theme parks之間的關(guān)系，文中指出在最近的發(fā)展中，博物館，遺址與主題公園之間的明顯區(qū)別正在逐漸消失，它們互相借鑒分享觀點(diǎn)與理念。D選項(xiàng)為它們之間不如之前好區(qū)分，選項(xiàng)與文中答案出處為句子釋義關(guān)系。

考生在選擇答案時(shí)一定要考慮所選答案與文中出處是否存在對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)。

三、單項(xiàng)選擇題型中的混淆項(xiàng)歸類

單項(xiàng)選擇題目的難度高除了考查考生們對(duì)于句子的理解能力之外，選項(xiàng)之間的混淆項(xiàng)是對(duì)考生設(shè)置的另一個(gè)障礙。在選擇題目中，混淆項(xiàng)的陷阱通常可以分為兩大類：“答非所問”類陷阱，“雷同相似”類陷阱。

1、“答非所問”類陷阱。此類陷阱指的是某些選項(xiàng)與文中對(duì)應(yīng)處的句子完全或幾乎完全相同，但是與題干主題毫無關(guān)系。

例1 劍6 test 4 passage 3

32 Children who are bullied

A. are twice as likely to commit suicide as the average person.

B. find it more difficult to relate to adults.

C. are less likely to be violent in later life.

D. may have difficulty forming relationships in later life.

正確答案：D

文中對(duì)應(yīng)處：Victimised pupils are more likely to experience difficulties with interpersonal relationships as adults, while children who persistently bully are more likely to grow up to be physically violent, and convicted of anti-social offences.

文中指出受到欺凌的孩童成年后會(huì)經(jīng)歷人際關(guān)系方面的困難，所以答案為D。混淆項(xiàng)C選項(xiàng)與文中children who persistently bully are more likely to grow up to be physically violent詞匯幾乎相同，但是題干考查的是受到校園暴力的學(xué)生會(huì)怎樣，文中句意為持續(xù)欺凌他人的孩子會(huì)更暴力，因此跟題干毫無關(guān)系，不需要繞彎去考慮C選項(xiàng)。

例2 劍7 test 1 passage 1

27 The book Educating Psyche is mainly concerned with

A. the power of suggestion in learning

B. a particular technique for leaning based on emotions.

C. the effects of emotion on the imagination and the unconscious.

D. ways of learning which are not traditional.

正確答案：D

文中對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)：Educating Psyche by Bernie Neville is a book which looks at radical new approaches to learning, describing the effects of emotion, imagination and the unconscious on learning. One the theory discussed in the book is that proposed by George Lozanov, which focuses on the power of suggestion.

文中為教育心理學(xué)主要探討完全嶄新的學(xué)習(xí)方法，描述情感，想象以及下意識(shí)對(duì)于學(xué)習(xí)的影響，因此答案為D. 與傳統(tǒng)不同的教學(xué)方法。混淆項(xiàng)A選項(xiàng)與文中focuses on the power of suggestion完全相同，但是題干考查的是書涉及的內(nèi)容，但是focuses on the power of suggestion在文中的主語為One the theory discussed in the book書中討論的一個(gè)理論，因此A選項(xiàng)與題干毫無關(guān)系，屬于答非所問。

2、“雷同相似”類陷阱。此類陷阱指的是某些選項(xiàng)中的詞匯與題目涉及的對(duì)應(yīng)句相似，但是此類選項(xiàng)屬于偷換概念，即詞匯相似但邏輯等關(guān)系與文中不符。

例1 劍6 test 4 passage 3

32 Children who are bullied

A. are twice as likely to commit suicide as the average person.

B. find it more difficult to relate to adults.

C. are less likely to be violent in later life.

D. may have difficulty forming relationships in later life.

正確答案：D

文中對(duì)應(yīng)處：Victimised pupils are more likely to experience difficulties with interpersonal relationships as adults, while children who persistently bully are more likely to grow up to be physically violent, and convicted of anti-social offences.

文中指出受到欺凌的孩童成年后會(huì)經(jīng)歷人際關(guān)系方面的困難，所以答案為D。混淆項(xiàng)B選項(xiàng)為受欺凌的孩子很難與成年人相處，與Victimised pupils are more likely to experience difficulties with interpersonal relationships as adults詞匯相似度很高，但是文中句意為受欺凌的孩子成年后人際關(guān)系處理有困難，B選項(xiàng)與文中句子無法正確對(duì)應(yīng)。

例2 劍7 teat 4 passage 3 Effects of noise

28 In noise experiments, Glass and Singer found that

A. problem-solving is much easier under quiet conditions.

B. physiological arousal prevents the ability to work.

C. bursts of noise do not seriously disrupt problem-solving in the long term.

D. the physiological arousal of control subjects declined quickly.

正確答案：C

文中對(duì)應(yīng)處：For example, Glass and Singer (1972) exposed people to short bursts of very loud noise and then measured their ability to work out problems and their physiological reactions to the noise. The noise was quite disruptive at first, but after about four minutes the subjects were doing just as well on their tasks as control subjects who were not exposed to noise. Their physiological arousal also declined quickly to the same levels as those of the control subjects.

文中指出試驗(yàn)測試人們聽到噪音后解決問題的能力以及噪音引起的生理反應(yīng)。結(jié)果表明噪音最初具有擾亂性，但是4分鐘之后聽到噪音的實(shí)驗(yàn)人表現(xiàn)得與參照組的人一樣好。聽到噪音的實(shí)驗(yàn)人的生理反應(yīng)很快下降到參照組人們的水平。混淆項(xiàng)D選項(xiàng)與Their physiological arousal also declined quickly to the same levels as those of the control subjects詞匯完全重合，但是D選項(xiàng)偷換了概念，文中意為噪音對(duì)于實(shí)驗(yàn)人的影響只是最初的，四分鐘之后表現(xiàn)得跟參照組（即未聽到噪音的人）一樣，聽到噪音的實(shí)驗(yàn)人的生理反應(yīng)很快下降到跟參照組的相同。但是D選項(xiàng)為參照組的生理反應(yīng)下降很快。