在進行編程開發時,我們常常會遇到需要從數據庫中讀取二進制數據的情況,比如Oracle數據庫中的BLOB類型數據。本文將介紹如何使用C語言從Oracle數據庫中讀取BLOB類型數據,并且通過實例進行詳細說明。
首先,我們需要了解BLOB類型數據的存儲結構。在Oracle數據庫中,BLOB類型數據是以二進制形式存儲的,而C語言中也有專門的二進制數據類型。因此,在讀取BLOB類型數據時,我們可以通過使用C語言中的二進制數據類型來處理這些數據。
下面我們來看一下具體的代碼實現。首先,我們需要連接到Oracle數據庫,這里我們使用Oracle提供的OCI API實現:
OCIEnv *envhp; OCIError *errhp; OCISvcCtx *svchp; OCIStmt *stmthp; OCIDefine *defhp; OCILobLocator *lobp; OCISession *usrhp; int status = 0; char* buffer = NULL; int size = 0; /*初始化OCI環境、錯誤句柄和服務句柄*/ OCIEnvCreate(&envhp, OCI_THREADED|OCI_OBJECT, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL); OCIHandleAlloc(envhp, (void *)&errhp, OCI_HTYPE_ERROR, 0, NULL); OCIHandleAlloc(envhp, (void *)&svchp, OCI_HTYPE_SVCCTX, 0, NULL); /*連接Oracle數據庫*/ OCIAttrSet(svchp, OCI_HTYPE_SVCCTX, server, strlen((const char *)server), OCI_ATTR_SERVER, errhp); OCIHandleAlloc(envhp, (void**)&usrhp, OCI_HTYPE_SESSION, 0, NULL); OCIAttrSet(usrhp, OCI_HTYPE_SESSION, (void*)username, strlen((const char *)username), OCI_ATTR_USERNAME, errhp); OCIAttrSet(usrhp, OCI_HTYPE_SESSION, (void*)password, strlen((const char *)password), OCI_ATTR_PASSWORD, errhp); status = OCISessionBegin(svchp, errhp, usrhp, OCI_CRED_RDBMS, OCI_DEFAULT); CHECK_ERROR(status, errhp, "OCISessionBegin"); status = OCIAttrSet(svchp, OCI_HTYPE_SVCCTX, (void*)usrhp, 0, OCI_ATTR_SESSION, errhp); CHECK_ERROR(status, errhp, "OCIAttrSet"); /*創建SQL語句*/ status = OCIHandleAlloc((dvoid *) envhp, (dvoid **) &stmthp, OCI_HTYPE_STMT, (size_t) 0, (dvoid **) 0); CHECK_ERROR(status, errhp, "OCIHandleAlloc"); status = OCIStmtPrepare(stmthp, errhp,(OraText *) "select image from image_table where id = :id", (ub4)strlen("select image from image_table where id = :id"), OCI_NTV_SYNTAX, OCI_DEFAULT); CHECK_ERROR(status, errhp, "OCIStmtPrepare");
接下來我們需要定義一個OCILobLocator類型的變量來存儲BLOB類型數據,再通過OCIDefineByPos函數進行綁定,這樣就可以將數據庫中的數據存入到該變量中了:
/*定義OCILobLocator類型的變量*/ status = OCIDescriptorAlloc(envhp, (dvoid **)&lobp, OCI_DTYPE_LOB, 0, 0); CHECK_ERROR(status, errhp, "OCIDescriptorAlloc"); /*將數據庫中的BLOB類型數據存入到OCILobLocator類型的變量中*/ status = OCIDefineByPos(stmthp, &defhp, errhp, 1, (dvoid *)0, 0, SQLT_BLOB, (dvoid *)&lobp, (ub2 *)0, (ub2 *)0, OCI_DEFAULT); CHECK_ERROR(status, errhp, "OCIDefineByPos");
接下來我們需要獲取OCILobLocator類型變量中的數據,并進行處理。這里我們通過OCILobGetLength函數獲取BLOB數據的長度,再通過OCILobRead函數將該數據讀取到C語言中的二進制數據類型變量中:
/*獲取BLOB數據的長度*/ status = OCILobGetLength(svchp, errhp, lobp, &size); CHECK_ERROR(status, errhp, "OCILobGetLength"); /*分配內存空間用于存儲BLOB數據*/ buffer = (char *)malloc(size+1); memset(buffer, 0, size+1); /*將BLOB數據讀取到C語言中的二進制數據類型變量中*/ status = OCILobRead(svchp, errhp, lobp, &size, 1, (dvoid*)buffer, (size_t)size, (dvoid*)0, (sb4 (*)(dvoid*, CONST dvoid*, ub4, ub1))0, (ub2)0, (ub1)SQLCS_IMPLICIT); CHECK_ERROR(status, errhp, "OCILobRead");
最后,我們需要記得釋放所有分配的內存空間和數據庫連接句柄:
/*釋放內存空間*/ if(buffer != NULL) { free(buffer); buffer = NULL; } /*釋放OCILobLocator類型變量*/ if(lobp != NULL) { OCIDescriptorFree((dvoid *)lobp, OCI_DTYPE_LOB); lobp = NULL; } /*釋放OCI環境、服務句柄和錯誤句柄*/ OCIStmtRelease(stmthp, errhp, NULL, 0, OCI_DEFAULT); OCIHandleFree((dvoid *) stmthp, OCI_HTYPE_STMT); OCISessionEnd(svchp, errhp, usrhp, OCI_DEFAULT); OCIHandleFree((dvoid *) usrhp, OCI_HTYPE_SESSION); OCIHandleFree((dvoid *) errhp, OCI_HTYPE_ERROR); OCIHandleFree((dvoid *) svchp, OCI_HTYPE_SVCCTX); OCIHandleFree((dvoid *) envhp, OCI_HTYPE_ENV);
通過以上步驟,我們就可以在C語言程序中讀取Oracle數據庫中的BLOB類型數據了。