MySQL作為一款廣受歡迎的數據庫管理系統,在應用中的性能和可靠性方面一直備受關注。隨著應用負載越來越高,數據庫的讀寫壓力不斷增大,讀寫分離和備庫自動切換這兩個功能也成為了MySQL必備的特性。
在MySQL讀寫分離中,主庫負責寫操作而備庫負責讀操作,減輕主庫壓力的同時提高讀取速度;備庫自動切換則常常被用于主庫出現故障時,實現自動切換到備庫,保證應用的高可用性。
以下是使用Python實現MySQL讀寫分離備庫自動切換的示例代碼:
import MySQLdb class MySQLReplication(object): def __init__(self, host, user, passwd, use_slave=True, read_only=False): self.host = host self.user = user self.passwd = passwd self.use_slave = use_slave self.read_only = read_only self.conn = None def connect_master(self): try: self.conn = MySQLdb.connect(host=self.host, user=self.user, passwd=self.passwd) self.conn.query("SET sql_log_bin = 0") except: raise def connect_slave(self): try: self.conn = MySQLdb.connect(host=self.host, user=self.user, passwd=self.passwd, readonly=self.read_only) except: raise def switch_to_master(self): self.use_slave = False self.connect_master() def switch_to_slave(self): self.use_slave = True self.connect_slave() def execute(self, sql, *args): if self.conn is None: if self.use_slave: self.connect_slave() else: self.connect_master() try: cursor = self.conn.cursor() cursor.execute(sql, args) return cursor.fetchall() except: if not self.use_slave: self.switch_to_slave() else: self.switch_to_master() raise
通過以上代碼,我們可以實現MySQL讀寫分離和備庫自動切換的功能,有效提升數據庫應用的性能和可靠性。